副詞子句與主要子句的主詞相同時,副詞子句可簡化為副詞片語。 a. WhileI was sitting in class, I felt asleep. = Whilesittingin class, I fell asleep. b. BeforeI leftfor work, I ate breakfast. = Beforeleavingfor work, I ate breakfast.
將時間副詞子句簡化成副詞片語。 a. Since Maria came to this country, she has made many friends. = Since coming to this country, Maria has made many friends. b. After Peter (had) finishedhis homework, he went to bed. = After finishing his homework, Peter went to bed. = After havingfinished his homework, Peter went to bed.
More about “While" a. While I was walking down the street, I ran into an old friend. = While walking down the street, I ran into an old friend. = Walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
About “When" a. When I reached the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life. = Upon reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life. = On reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.
II. 將表達因果的副詞子句簡化成副詞片語
Because Sue didn’tneed money, she didn’t take the part-time job. = Notneeding money. Sue didn’t take the part-time job.
Because I haveseen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again. = Having seen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again.
Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle. = (Being) Unable to afford a car, she bout a bicycle. *也可以簡化後只留下形容詞。
III. 連接詞and, then連接的表達也常以分詞構句的方式出現。
She got into the room, sat on the ground, and began to cry. = She got into the room, sitting on the ground, beginning to cry.
Many people eat at roadside stands, then they watch people passing by. = Many people eat at roadside stands, watching people passing by.
Mary entered, and she was followed by Tom. = Mary entered, followed by Tom. *分詞構句可能留下現在分詞或過去分詞。
IV. 當兩個子句有不同的主詞時,所形成的分詞構句應包含主詞,以免誤解。
As the sun had set, we started for home. = The sun having set, we started for home.
Because the dog was running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly. = The dog running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly.
…hadbetter… 最好…
We hadbetter read more books about computers. 我們最好多讀一些有關電腦的書。
We hadbetternot spend too much money on clothes. 我們最好別花太多錢在衣服上。 *We had better have spent more time studying. 我們(當時)真該多讀書。
…wouldrather… (than)…寧可… (而不願)…
I would rather stay at home than go out.我寧可待在家也不想出去。
I would rather not go out with them. 我寧可不跟他們出去。
*I would rather May had not heard about it. 我寧可May沒聽說那件事。
…dare…膽敢…/ …dare not…不敢
The boy dare not tell his father what he just did.那男孩不敢告訴他爸他剛做了甚麼。
*How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎敢問我這樣的問題?
…need…需要…
You needn’ttrouble about it. 你不必為這費事了。 *Need you go so soon? 你需要這麼早走嗎 ?