23 比較級及最高級

比較級用於比較兩樣事物的好壞及其他特質的高低,例如A比B高:
A is taller than B.
tall這個形容詞必須做適當的拼字變化,規則如下:

最高級用於陳述某樣事物是最好的或是最壞的,例如A是全班最高的:
A is the tallest in the class.
tall這個形容詞必須做適當的拼字變化,規則如下:

將單字片語文法及想法運用於全文說寫輸出訓練,請參考全文輸入輸出訓練,從大量全文的聽說讀寫訓練建立語感,唯一雲端虛擬教室,專人訂正作業提供改善建議。

超凡遠距全文輸入輸出訓練,效率效果又經濟。無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生及(2)提升競爭力的英文老師(3)還有努力成為雙語教室的各科老師(4)以及要提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生。都能找到客製化訓練課程!請洽詢問專線

⭐超凡遠距要為您做些甚麼?

🎁我們在雲端做到實體教室做不到的英語說寫訓練!

全球學習英語人口持續快速成長,過去排斥英語的國家也鼓勵學習英文,例如2.6億人口回教大國印尼也認同英語是世界語言而非某個強權的國語。

台灣的多數學童從幼稚園開始接觸英文,這是一個無可避免的過程,我們可以利用這個過程做幾件事情:

  1. 彌補數位學習所造成的中文閱讀不足:國小高年級開始的英語教育應該著重閱讀理解,傳遞有益於未來發展的資訊。
  2. 接觸專業領域資訊:中學起應該在英語學習過程中開始接觸科學、商業、史地等專業領域資訊,提升未來競爭力。
  3. 將英語學習成就以及未來競爭力的兩極連接:也就是將傳統準備段考的填鴨學習以及英文美語會話的兩個極端連結,真正在學習過程中既能準備學校段考,又能為未來競爭力做準備。

遠距課程規劃達成下列三點:

  1. 全文輸入輸出訓練:BN設計基礎到高級的數千篇全文文章作為訓練文本,以全文聽讀輸文,再以全文說寫輸出,達到英語訓練與閱讀理解兩者兼具的目的。這些文本從中級階段開始與科學、商業、人文等領域做結合,達成英語訓練與專業領域訓練兩者兼具的目的。
  2. 個人化課程設計:BN發展八項全文輸入輸出訓練課程,學習者依照本身的學習目的及弱點強化進行訓練,分別是(1) 英譯中錄音 (2) 中譯英錄音 (3) 聽與說逐步口譯 (4) 中譯英筆譯 (5) 英文摘要訓練 (6) 主題式寫作 (7) 中提示演說 (8) 三分鐘演說。
  3. 學習網站:在本學習網站https://bnlanguage.blog/建立文法教學影片及各項學習重點,同時設計線上模擬考幫助學習者準備段考、升學考、檢定考。

進行這些訓練有幾項特色:

  1. 文本進行訓練為主,不是線上學習。
  2. 聽說讀寫核心訓練作為高階學習的基礎。
  3. 雲端繳交說寫作業,英語教練提供改善建議。
  4. 聽、說、讀、寫單項訓練可依個人程度調整。
  5. 財經、科技、通識三大類專業領域訓練。
  6. 訓練數量計算學習費用,學習者安心接受訓練。

接受訓練3個月,英語說寫輸出量是過去多年學習的總和。

38 分詞形容詞

分詞形容詞的基本概念是每個動詞都可以變成兩個形容詞,(1) V-ing;(2) V-en。

因為每個動詞有4個型,例如do/ did/ doing/ done (原型/過去式/現在分詞/過去分詞),doing及done這兩個分詞可以當作形容詞,現在分詞V-ing為主動涵義形容詞, 過去分詞V-en為被動涵義形容詞。

如何判斷用哪一個呢?我們以bore (使…厭煩)為例,先造一個句子,如果對句子形成的概念不夠清楚,請參考句子基本結構

The class bores me. 動詞bore 形成兩個形容詞如下:

  1. The class is boring. (用動詞bore當形容詞修飾主詞the class,是主動含意用boring。)
  2. I am bored. (用動詞bore當形容詞修飾受詞 me,是被動含意用bored。)

The problem confuses the students. 動詞confuse 形成兩個形容詞如下:

  1. The problem is confusing. 修飾主詞的是主動含意形容詞V-ing
  2. The students are confused. 修飾動詞的是被動含意形容詞V-en

Paul is exaggerating his experiences. 動詞exaggerate 形成兩個形容詞如下:

  1. Paul is exaggerating. (Paul很誇張。)
  2. His experiences are exaggerated. (Paul的經驗被誇大了。)

現在我們下面的句子幫助大家了解所有句子的變化:

A. The book interested Mary yesterday.
🎈interested是主動的過去式動詞。

B. Mary was interested by the book yesterday.
🎈was interested是被動動詞,介係詞by連接執行動詞動作的the book。

C. The book is interesting to Mary.
🎈interesting是主動含意的分詞形容詞。

Mary is interested in the book.
🎈interested是被動含意的形容詞,介係詞in連接形容詞感興趣的對象the book。

🎯將單字片語文法及想法運用於全文說寫輸出訓練,請參考全文輸入輸出訓練,從大量全文的聽說讀寫訓練建立語感,唯一雲端虛擬教室,專人訂正作業提供改善建議。

大量英語全文說寫遠距訓練:全文輸入輸出訓練
影片線上教學平台:Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線

英文法結構一次全通

🎁學習文法是為了造正確的句子,大量造句才能熟練運用文法,超凡遠距全文輸入輸出訓練讓您大量造句提升寫作及口說能力。

一次了解所有英文文法形成。🎯初級以上學習者可以從04:35的子句看起。

🎯文法是在一貫的概念下形成,所以一次學習有助於理解整體架構,分開學習較無效率及效果。閱讀本文時可點擊有滑鼠符號🖱文法項目深入學習。
文法就是將組成句子的元素,按照詞類正確擺在適當位置。

首先了解形成句子結構的詞類元素:

句子結構:S主詞 + V動詞 + O受詞 + (Prep+O)(介係詞+受詞) + ADV副詞.
詞類元素:N名詞 + V動詞 + N名詞 + (Prep.+N)介係詞+名詞 + ADV副詞.

例如:Tom practices English with Tina every day. 就是有五個元素的句子。

現在我們已經知道句子的結構中有三個位置會出現名詞:主詞/受詞/介系詞片語

以下為如何將想法形成名詞以正確方式擺放在名詞位置的文法項目。

(1)🖱人稱代名詞 I/ me/ mine/ myself 都是名詞,稱為主格/受格/所有格代名詞/反身代名詞。

I like you. You like me. I like my friend. My friend likes me.
I like myself. They like themselves.

(2)🖱動名詞V-ing:doing,把動作當作名詞使用,這時的V-ing通常表達習慣做的事。

Being a teacher makes me happy. I enjoy teaching people.

(3) 🖱不定詞to V: to do,把動作當作名詞要使用。這時的to V通常表達要去做的事。

I want to play basketball. To play basketball is OK with me.

(4) 🖱名詞子句:句子裡面的句子稱為子句,當作名詞用就稱為名詞子句。

I don’t know who the man is.
No one knows where the ship went. Where the ship went is a mystery.

例句中的where the ship went分別是句子的主詞及受詞。名詞子句可以是when, where, who…或whether開頭的名詞。

(5) 🖱假主詞:It可以代替整個名詞呈現的想法,稱為假主詞假受詞

It is important that everyone comes to class on time.
假主詞 It = 真主詞 That everyone comes to class on time is important.

We find it hard to climb the mountain.
假受詞 it = 真受詞 to climb the mountain

(6) 🖱同位語:用名詞子句來代替一個事實或說法,同位語也可以是名詞或名詞片語。

It is a fact that the Earth moves around the Sun. 地球繞著太陽轉是一個事實。
也就是fact與子句the Earth moves around the Sun意義相同

(7) 🖱分詞形容詞:名詞往往需要形容詞修飾,形容詞常出現在名詞前方。分詞形容詞概念就是,每個動詞都有兩個分詞型V-ing及V-en,這兩個型可以變成兩個形容詞。。

The book bores me a lot. 動詞bore可以加以運用變成形容詞:boring及bored。

The book is boring. 主動含意形容詞V-ing用以修飾主詞。
I am bored. 被動含意形容詞V-en用以修飾受詞。

(8) 🖱形容詞子句1/🖱形容詞子句2:用句子當作形容詞就是形容詞子句,形容詞子句的位置是在所修飾的名詞後方,一般形容詞的位置是在所修飾的名詞的前方。

We thanked the girl who showed us the way to the park.
我們感謝那位告訴我們去公園的路的女孩。

We are talking about the movie that we went to last night.
我們正在討論我們昨晚去看的電影。

(9)🖱形容詞片語:形容詞子句常簡化成形容詞片語,形容詞子句的簡化或分詞化。

We thanked the girl who showed us the way to the park.
= We thanked the girl showing us the way to the park.

Jean owns a house which has beautiful ocean views.
= Jean owns a house having beautiful ocean views.

句子結構中有一個位置會出現動詞,另外所有子句中也會有動詞。
動詞位置:S + V + O + (Prep. + O) + Adv.

🎁如何將動詞正確的擺放在下列動詞位置?

(1) 🖱時態變化(簡單及進行) / 🖱時態變化 (完成):形成動詞最重要的文法就是動詞時態變化。。每個動詞有四個形,do/did/doing/done,依表達涵義可能會出現12種變化。以做家事為例:

三個簡單式
…do housework every day (每天做)
…did … (昨天做)
…will do … (明天將會做)

三個進行式
…is doing … (正在做)
…was doing … (當時正在做)
…will be doing … (將會正在做)

三個完成式
…have done … (已經做)
…had done … (那時之前已經做)
…will have done … (將已經做)

三個完成進行式
…have been doing for 1 hour… (已經做一小時)
…had been doing for 1 hour … (那時就已經做一小時)
…will have been doing for 1 hour … (將已經做一小時)

(2) 🖱被動語態 (be + V-en):當主詞沒有表現動詞的動作即為被動語氣。

被動:Housework was done by me yesterday.
主動:I did housework yesterday.

The temple was built 100 years ago. (被動多用於不知道何者為動作執行者)

(3) 🖱一般情緒助動詞:這類助動詞的含意會因時間表達不同而有微妙轉變。例如:「我應該多運動」及「我那時候應該多運動」,雖然都是「應該」,但含意不同。「我那時候應該多運動」這句話則多了「該做卻沒有做」的情緒。

I should do more exercise. 我該多運動。(用於表達現在及未來)
Amy could be sick. She is running in rain now. Amy可能會生病,她現在在雨中跑步。

(4) 🖱 情緒助動詞表達過去事件:(could/must/should…)+ have + pp。

Amy could have been sick yesterday. She didn’t come to office.
Amy昨天可能是生病了,她沒來上班。

I should have done more exercise last year. (用於表達過去)
我去年該多運動(但是我沒有)。

(5) 🖱假設語氣 (跟現在事實相反):由於不是發生的事實,所以動詞使用特殊時態來表示跟事實不同。

I wish I were a fish. If I were a fish, I could go anywhere freely.
(事實是I am not a fish. I cannot go anywhere freely.)

I wish I didn’t have a job. If I didn’t have a job, I would feel happy.
(事實是I have a job. I don’t feel happy.)

(6) 🖱假設語氣 (跟過去事實相反):跟前方假設語氣 (跟現在事實相反)動詞變化不同。

I wish I hadn’t wasted time playing video games.
(事實是I wasted time playing video games.)

If I hadn’t wasted a lot of time, I could have entered NTU.
(事實是I wasted a lot of time. I didn’t enter NTU.)

(7) 🖱倒裝句:否定副詞擺在句首加強語氣,要像否定句一樣使用助動詞。

Never do I study at the library. 像否定句一樣要使用助動詞。
= I never study at the library.

Little does Amy know about sports.
= Amy knows little about sports.

(8) 🖱急迫性語氣:使用ask, insist, suggest, demand…等有急迫要求語氣的動詞時,表達求助的內容的句子中的動詞不必賦予時態。

I insisted that my brother not use my cellphone.

Jane’s father asked that Jane go mountain climbing with a guide.

句子結構中有一個位置會出副詞,另外所有子句中也會有副詞。
副詞位置:S + V + O + (Prep. + O) + Adv.

🎁如何將副詞正確的擺放在副詞位置?

(1) 副詞:副詞修飾動作發生的時間、程度,通常為形容詞+ly,例如easily,但部分例外,例如well、fast…。

May is a careful driver. She drives carefully.

Jane is a fast runner. She runs fast.

(2) 副詞子句:除了修飾動詞的副詞之外,也有連接句子的連接詞,例如because、when、if…

He always does well on exams because he studies very hard. 副詞子句也可以放在句子前方。

(3) 🖱分詞構句:或稱為副詞片語,將副詞子句簡化成副詞片語,其簡化的方式與形容詞片語相同。

Studying hard, Tim finally entered his dream university.
= Because Tim studied hard, he finally entered his dream university.

If invited, I will attend the meeting.
= If I am invited, I will attend the meeting.

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線

唯一雲端虛擬教室,將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯,雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台:Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

48 分詞構句

可看影片或下方文字描述了解分詞構句

I. 將表達時間的副詞子句簡化成副詞片語:簡化方式為省略主詞留下動詞的分詞。

  1. 副詞子句與主要子句的主詞相同時,副詞子句可簡化為副詞片語。
    a. While I was sitting in class, I felt asleep.
    = While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
    b. Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
    = Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
  2. 將時間副詞子句簡化成副詞片語。
    a. Since Maria came to this country, she has made many friends.
    = Since coming to this country, Maria has made many friends.
    b. After Peter (had) finished his homework, he went to bed.
        = After finishing his homework, Peter went to bed.
        = After having finished his homework, Peter went to bed.
  3. More about “While"
    a. While I was walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
        = While walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
        = Walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
  4. About “When"
    a. When I reached the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.
    =
    Upon reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.
        = On reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.

II. 將表達因果的副詞子句簡化成副詞片語

  1. Because Sue didn’t need money, she didn’t take the part-time job.
    = Not needing money. Sue didn’t take the part-time job.
  2. Because I have seen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again.
    = Having seen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again.
  3. Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle.
    = (Being) Unable to afford a car, she bout a bicycle.
    *也可以簡化後只留下形容詞。

III. 連接詞and, then連接的表達也常以分詞構句的方式出現。

  1. She got into the room, sat on the ground, and began to cry.
    = She got into the room, sitting on the ground, beginning to cry.
  2. Many people eat at roadside stands, then they watch people passing by.
    = Many people eat at roadside stands, watching people passing by.
  3. Mary entered, and she was followed by Tom.
    = Mary entered, followed by Tom.
    *分詞構句可能留下現在分詞或過去分詞。

IV. 當兩個子句有不同的主詞時,所形成的分詞構句應包含主詞,以免誤解。

  1. As the sun had set, we started for home.
    = The sun having set, we started for home.
  2. Because the dog was running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly.
    = The dog running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly.

*分詞構句讓表達具有動感,讓聽眾或讀者更融入表達的情緒中!

唯一雲端虛擬教室,將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯,雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台:Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線

四個奇特的英文助動詞

助動詞像是do, can, will, should, must, could… 的運用通常是:…助動詞+V原型…。如果是要表達否定,句子就會多個not而變成:助動詞+(not) +V原型

以下是四個特別的助動詞,要注意dare跟need也是動詞,使用方式不同。

  1. had better… 最好…
    We had better read more books about computers. 我們最好多讀一些有關電腦的書。
    We had better not spend too much money on clothes. 我們最好別花太多錢在衣服上。
    *We had better have spent more time studying. 我們(當時)真該多讀書。
  2. would rather… (than)…寧可… (而不願)…
    I would rather stay at home than go out.我寧可待在家也不想出去。
    I would rather not go out with them. 我寧可不跟他們出去。
    *I would rather May had not heard about it. 我寧可May沒聽說那件事。 
  3. dare…膽敢…/ …dare not…不敢
    The boy dare not tell his father what he just did.那男孩不敢告訴他爸他剛做了甚麼。
    *How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎敢問我這樣的問題?
  4. need…需要…
    You needn’t trouble about it. 你不必為這費事了。
    *Need you go so soon? 你需要這麼早走嗎 ?

    (句法規則只是規則,缺少全文說寫訓練不可能變成英語高手。)

基礎 1

STC視譯英進中:先朗讀英文全文,再翻譯成中文,全程錄音,將錄音上傳至雲端資料夾。

STE視譯中進英:全文翻譯成英文,全程錄音,將錄音上傳至雲端資料夾。

STE1參考檔 (學員仍可用自己的方式完成錄音)

CI逐步口譯:聽聲音檔,作筆記,用自己的方式重建原文並錄音,將錄音上傳至雲端資料夾。

CI1 Shopping

WT筆譯:將中文文章全文翻譯成英文,掃描或拍照上傳至雲端資料夾。