作者: 超凡遠距英語口筆譯

Key words
war-torn受戰爭蹂躪的
demonstrate展示；示威
domestic violence家庭暴力
rampant猖獗的

❤️“Women hold up half the sky.”

The sentence is being passed down not because Mao Tse-Tung said it, but because it is what is happening today. From war-torn south America, where women demonstrate for peace to protect their children, to poor rural India, where girls spend all day walking miles collecting water for family, instead of going to school. Men and women each take responsibility in different ways for their own part in order to hold up the sky together. Men and women are surely different. Just because men and women are different, they are able to compensate for the disadvantages of each other to form a perfect whole. They both should value this truth.

Today, even if domestic violence is still rampant in some places in the world, ❤️men know very well that they can never hold up the sky without women.

中英對照

Women hold up half the sky!
女性撐起半邊天

The sentence is being passed down not because Mao Tse-Tung said it, but because it is what is happening today.
這個句子不斷流傳，並不是因為說這句話的人是毛澤東，而是因為這是今天的真實樣貌。

From war-torn south America, where women demonstrate for peace to protect their children, to poor rural India, where girls spend all day walking miles collecting water for family, instead of going to school.
從受到戰爭揉躪的南美洲，女性為了保護孩子而示威爭取和平，到印度的偏遠貧窮地區，那兒的女孩花一整天的時間走好幾英哩取水供家裡使用，而沒能上學。

Men and women each take responsibility in different ways for their own part in order to hold up the sky together.
男性及女性各自以不同的方式負起責任盡本分來一起撐起那一片天。

Men and women are surely different.
男性跟女性的確是不同的。

Just because men and women are different, they are able to compensate for the disadvantages of each other to form a perfect whole.
正是因為男女不同，他們能夠互補彼此不足來形成美好的整體。

They both should value this truth. Today even if domestic violence is still rampant in some places in the world, men know very well that they can never hold up the sky without women.
男性女性都應該重視這個事實。今天即使家庭暴力在世界上有些地方仍然猖獗，男性心裡非常明白，沒有女性，他們絕對沒有辦法獨立撐起那一片天。

連接詞在句子中非常重要，負責將兩個想法做邏輯連接。在句子中的運用有四種不同的方式：注意位置及標點符號。

• 副詞子句：用以連接兩個子句。
  Because he studies very hard, he is able to pass every exam.
• 介係詞片語：記得後面只能夠用名詞。
  Because of studying hard, he is able to pass every exam.
• 純連接詞：在句子中間當橋樑。
  He studies very hard, so he is able to pass every exam.
• 轉折詞：在一個單獨的句子中。
  He studies very hard. Therefore, he is able to pass every exam.

常見的錯誤

• Because I was busy, so I didn’t go shopping.
• Because of I was busy, I didn’t go shopping.
• I was busy, therefore, I didn’t go shopping.
• Because I was busy. I didn’t go shopping.

下列句子均表達同樣意義，注意其不同用法及標點符號。

1. 副詞子句
   Because he studies very hard, he is able to pass every exam.
   = He is able to pass every exam because he studies very hard.
   = Since he studies very hard, he is able to pass every exam.
   = He is able to pass every exam since he studies very hard.
2. 介系詞片語
   Because of studying hard, he is able to pass every exam.
   = He is able to pass every exam because of studying hard.
   = Due to studying hard, he is able to pass every exam.
   = Owing to studying hard, he is able to pass every exam.
3. 移轉詞
   He studies very hard. Therefore, he is able to pass every exam.
   = He studies very hard. He, therefore, is able to pass every exam.
   = He studies very hard. He is able to pass every exam, therefore.
   = He studies very hard; therefore, he is able to pass every exam.
4. 純連接詞
   He studies very hard, so he is able to pass every exam.
   = He is able to pass every exam, for he studies very hard.

  例句：以下列兩個想法運用不同連接詞表達。
(1) study hard或not study hard
(2) pass the exam或fail the exam.

1. Because I did not study, I failed the exam.
2. Although I studied, I failed the exam.
3. I did not study. Therefore, I failed the exam.
4. I did not study. However, I passed the exam.
5. I studied. Nevertheless, I failed the exam.
6. Even though I did not study, I passed the exam.
7. I did not study, so I failed the exam.
8. Since I did not study, I failed the exam.
9. If I study for the test, I will pass the test.
10. If I studied for the test, I would pass the test.
11. If I had studied for the test, I would have passed the test.
12. Unless I study for the test, I will not pass the exam.
13. I must study; otherwise, I will not pass the exam.
14. Even if I study, I won’t pass the exam.
15. I did not study; consequently I failed the exam.
16. I did not study; nonetheless I passed the exam.
17. I will probably fail the test whether I study or not.
18. I failed the exam, for I didn’t study.
19. I have to study so that I will pass the exam.
20. Only if I study, I will pass the exam.
21. I studied hard, yet I (still) failed the exam.
22. You’d better study, or (else) you will fail the exam

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比較級用於比較兩樣事物的好壞及其他特質的高低，例如A比B高：
A is taller than B.
tall這個形容詞必須做適當的拼字變化，規則如下：

最高級用於陳述某樣事物是最好的或是最壞的，例如A是全班最高的：
A is the tallest in the class.
tall這個形容詞必須做適當的拼字變化，規則如下：

將單字片語文法及想法運用於全文說寫輸出訓練，請參考全文輸入輸出訓練，從大量全文的聽說讀寫訓練建立語感，唯一雲端虛擬教室，專人訂正作業提供改善建議。

超凡遠距全文輸入輸出訓練，效率效果又經濟。無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生及(2)提升競爭力的英文老師(3)還有努力成為雙語教室的各科老師(4)以及要提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生。都能找到客製化訓練課程！請洽詢問專線。

分詞形容詞的基本概念是每個動詞都可以變成兩個形容詞，(1) V-ing；(2) V-en。

因為每個動詞有4個型，例如do/ did/ doing/ done (原型/過去式/現在分詞/過去分詞)，doing及done這兩個分詞可以當作形容詞，現在分詞V-ing為主動涵義形容詞， 過去分詞V-en為被動涵義形容詞。

如何判斷用哪一個呢？我們以bore (使…厭煩)為例，先造一個句子，如果對句子形成的概念不夠清楚，請參考句子基本結構。

The class bores me. 動詞bore 形成兩個形容詞如下：

1. The class is boring. (用動詞bore當形容詞修飾主詞the class，是主動含意用boring。)
2. I am bored. (用動詞bore當形容詞修飾受詞 me，是被動含意用bored。)

The problem confuses the students. 動詞confuse 形成兩個形容詞如下：

1. The problem is confusing. 修飾主詞的是主動含意形容詞V-ing
2. The students are confused. 修飾動詞的是被動含意形容詞V-en

Paul is exaggerating his experiences. 動詞exaggerate 形成兩個形容詞如下：

1. Paul is exaggerating. (Paul很誇張。)
2. His experiences are exaggerated. (Paul的經驗被誇大了。)

現在我們下面的句子幫助大家了解所有句子的變化：

A. The book interested Mary yesterday.
🎈interested是主動的過去式動詞。

B. Mary was interested by the book yesterday.
🎈was interested是被動動詞，介係詞by連接執行動詞動作的the book。

C. The book is interesting to Mary.
🎈interesting是主動含意的分詞形容詞。

Mary is interested in the book.
🎈interested是被動含意的形容詞，介係詞in連接形容詞感興趣的對象the book。

🎯將單字片語文法及想法運用於全文說寫輸出訓練，請參考全文輸入輸出訓練，從大量全文的聽說讀寫訓練建立語感，唯一雲端虛擬教室，專人訂正作業提供改善建議。

大量英語全文說寫遠距訓練：全文輸入輸出訓練
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提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

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I. 將表達時間的副詞子句簡化成副詞片語：簡化方式為省略主詞留下動詞的分詞。

1. 副詞子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，副詞子句可簡化為副詞片語。
   a. While I was sitting in class, I felt asleep.
   = While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
   b. Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
   = Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
2. 將時間副詞子句簡化成副詞片語。
   a. Since Maria came to this country, she has made many friends.
   = Since coming to this country, Maria has made many friends.
   b. After Peter (had) finished his homework, he went to bed.
       = After finishing his homework, Peter went to bed.
       = After having finished his homework, Peter went to bed.
3. More about “While"
   a. While I was walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
       = While walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
       = Walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
4. About “When"
   a. When I reached the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.
   = Upon reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.
       = On reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.

II. 將表達因果的副詞子句簡化成副詞片語

1. Because Sue didn’t need money, she didn’t take the part-time job.
   = Not needing money. Sue didn’t take the part-time job.
2. Because I have seen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again.
   = Having seen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again.
3. Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle.
   = (Being) Unable to afford a car, she bout a bicycle.
   *也可以簡化後只留下形容詞。

III. 連接詞and, then連接的表達也常以分詞構句的方式出現。

1. She got into the room, sat on the ground, and began to cry.
   = She got into the room, sitting on the ground, beginning to cry.
2. Many people eat at roadside stands, then they watch people passing by.
   = Many people eat at roadside stands, watching people passing by.
3. Mary entered, and she was followed by Tom.
   = Mary entered, followed by Tom.
   *分詞構句可能留下現在分詞或過去分詞。

IV. 當兩個子句有不同的主詞時，所形成的分詞構句應包含主詞，以免誤解。

1. As the sun had set, we started for home.
   = The sun having set, we started for home.
2. Because the dog was running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly.
   = The dog running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly.

*分詞構句讓表達具有動感，讓聽眾或讀者更融入表達的情緒中！

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

助動詞像是do, can, will, should, must, could… 的運用通常是：…助動詞+V原型…。如果是要表達否定，句子就會多個not而變成：助動詞+(not) +V原型

以下是四個特別的助動詞，要注意dare跟need也是動詞，使用方式不同。

1. …had better… 最好…
   We had better read more books about computers. 我們最好多讀一些有關電腦的書。
   We had better not spend too much money on clothes. 我們最好別花太多錢在衣服上。
   *We had better have spent more time studying. 我們(當時)真該多讀書。
2. …would rather… (than)…寧可… (而不願)…
   I would rather stay at home than go out.我寧可待在家也不想出去。
   I would rather not go out with them. 我寧可不跟他們出去。
   *I would rather May had not heard about it. 我寧可May沒聽說那件事。 
3. …dare…膽敢…/ …dare not…不敢
   The boy dare not tell his father what he just did.那男孩不敢告訴他爸他剛做了甚麼。
   *How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎敢問我這樣的問題？
4. …need…需要…
   You needn’t trouble about it. 你不必為這費事了。
   *Need you go so soon? 你需要這麼早走嗎 ？

   (句法規則只是規則，缺少全文說寫訓練不可能變成英語高手。)