作者: 超凡遠距英語口筆譯

1. Do you think you have a good memory or a bad memory? Explain with examples.
   你認為你的記性是好還是不好？請舉例說明。
2. What is the best memory you have in your life? Why is it meaningful to you?
   你人生當中最棒的回憶是什麼？
3. What is the worst memory you have in your life? How did it affect you?
   你人生當中最糟的回憶是什麼？
4. What is an unforgettable childhood memory that you have? What happened and why is it special?
   你有什麼難忘的兒時回憶嗎？發生了什麼事？這回憶對你有何意義？
5. What is a recent memory that made you happy? What happened? What does the memory mean to you?
   你最近一個讓你開心的回憶是什麼？發生了什麼事？這回憶對你有何意義？
6. If you are going to lose your memory, how do you feel and what would you do?
   如果你即將要失去記憶？你感覺如何？你會怎麼做？
7. How do you want people to remember you? What do you need to do to make that happen?
   你希望人們如何記得你？你需要做什麼來實現這件事？
8. Do you think computers make our memory better or worse? Give reasons for your answer.
   你認為電腦使得我們的記性變好還是變差？請舉理由說明。
9. What is something you often forget, like English vocabulary, math formulas, names of people or places, etc.? How does it affect you?
   什麼是你無法輕易記得的，例如英文單字、數學公式、人名地名等等？這對你有什麼影響？
10. Do you know any good way to remember things? If you do, share it with others.
    你知道什麼好的方法來幫助你記憶東西嗎？有的話跟大家分享。
11. If you can remember things easily, how will your life be different?
    如果你能夠輕鬆的記得事情，你的人生會有什麼不同？
12. Why do you think some people remember the same thing in a different way?
    為什麼人們會對同樣的事情有不同的記憶呢？

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

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在較文學性文章中，if開頭的假設語氣中，若將had, were, should, did等助動詞置於句首，可將連接詞If省略，成為倒裝句。請仔細看下面例句：

Be +主詞

1. If it were necessary, I might go with you. 如果需要的話，我可以跟你一起去。
   = Were it necessary, I might go with you.
2. If I were not here, I wouldn’t be happy.
   = Were I not here, I wouldn’t be happy.

Had +主詞

1. If they had listened to their parents, they wouldn’t have done such a terrible thing.
   = Had they listened to their parents, they wouldn’t have done such a terrible thing.
2. Had we not missed the plane, we would have been killed in the crash.
   = If we hadn’t missed the plane, we would have been killed in the crash.

Should/ Could/ Might/ Would +主詞

1. If I should have time, I would call on her.要是我有時間就去看她。
   = Should I have time, I would call on her.
2. If Tom should not come, we should do it by ourselves.
   = Should Tom not come, we should still do it. 萬一Tom沒來，我們仍然要進行。
3. If he could get another chance, he would succeed.
   = Could he get another chance, he would succeed.
4. If I might see Dad again, I would die with happy tears.
   = Might I see Dad again, I would die with happy tears.
5. If she would rent this apartment, it could be 20% off.
   = Would she rent this apartment, it could be 20% off.

非必要不一定要這樣表達想法，但需要知道別人用這樣的句子是要表達甚麼。

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

看完影片後請看更多的倒裝句例句：

強調否定：將否定含意的副詞置於句首，這是最廣泛使用的倒裝句。
變化的關鍵在於助動詞擺在主詞前面，如下方例句中的粗體字。

1. Never have I been more embarrassed!
2. Hardly has someone been so bold like you.
3. Scarcely have they been on time.
4. Seldom do we eat at MacDonald’s.
5. Little did he understand the situation.
6. No sooner had he gone to bed than the earthquake started to shake the house.
7. Not only do I enjoy classical music, but I also play it sometimes.
8. Not until I graduated had I thought about my future.

形容詞 ‘So + adjective … that’ (那麼的…以至於…)也可以用倒裝句型。

1. So noisy was the apartment that I couldn’t sleep.
   = The apartment was so noisy that I couldn’t sleep.
2. So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
   = The test is so difficult that students need three months to prepare.
3. So expensive was the ticket that we couldn’t watch the show. 
   The ticket was so expensive that we couldn’t watch the show.

受詞擺放在句子的最前面強化該受詞的意義

1. Patience you must have, my friend. = You must have patience, my friend.
2. A good choice she made yesterday. = She made a good choice yesterday.
3. An excellent decision Wang has made. = Want has made an excellent decision there.

強調唯一而將only擺放在句首

1. Only then did I understand the problem. 
   = I understood the problem only then.
2. Only by working hard can we probably get real success.
   We can probably get real success only by working hard.

假設語氣用倒裝模式讓語氣比較正式嚴肅一些

1. Had he understood the problem, he wouldn’t have committed those mistakes.
   = If he had understood the problem, he wouldn’t have committed those mistakes.
2. Should you decide to come, please telephone us.
   = If you should decide to come, please telephone us.
3. Were I you, I would never meet him.
   = If I were you, I would never meet him.

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
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提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

假設語氣的精準表達只有一個訣竅：要把自己心中想要表達的內容掌控清楚，知道是否定、肯定、事實、不是事實、過去或現在。

假設語氣的句子可以是現在與過去的組合，舉例說明：

事實：我不是一個好學生，所以我昨晚沒有讀書準備考試。
假設：如果我是個好學生，我昨天晚上就會讀書準備考試。

事實：I am not a good student, so I didn’t study for the test last night.
假設：If I were a good student, I would have studied for the test last night.

說明：因為我一直以來都不是一個好學生，所以當我說「如果我是一個好學生」，這是跟現在事實相反；而我昨天晚上並沒有讀書準備考試，所以當我說「我就會讀書準備考試」這是跟過去事實相反。

事實：Mary overslept this morning. She is late. (Mary今天早上睡過頭，她現在才會遲到。)
假設：If Mary hadn’t overslept this morning, she wouldn’t be late. (如果Mary今天早上沒已睡過頭，她現在就不會遲到。)
說明：遲到是現在發生的事，睡過頭是過去發生的。 所以「現在不遲到」的想法是跟現在事實相反，「沒有睡過頭」的想法跟過去事實相反。

用It is time表達該是做某事的時候了。

It is about time (that) we went home. (go home的想法是跟現在事實相反)
= It is about time (that) we should go home. (should表達急迫語氣)
= It is about time for us to go home.

說明：主要的概念還是在於跟現在事實相反，因為當我們說「該是做…的時候了」顯然 並沒有真正去做這一件該做的事情，所以是跟現在事實相反。

各種可能的假設語氣表達：內化體會就能了解。

Without your support, I couldn’t have succeeded.

說明：沒有你的支持，我不可能成功。
會做這個表達，當然當事人已經成功了，所以跟過去事實相反。

But for your support, I couldn’t have done it.

說明：沒有你的支持，我不可能完成。
會做這個表達，顯然當事人已經完成了，所以跟過去事實相反。

But that you helped me, I couldn’t have won the contest.

說明：要不是你幫我，我不可能贏得比賽。
會做這個表達，當然當事人已經贏得比賽，所以跟過去事實相反。

Only that you helped me, I couldn’t have been the champion.

說明：唯有你幫我，否則我不可能成為冠軍。
會做這個表達，當然當事人獲得冠軍了，所以跟過去事實相反。

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

單數的主詞：下列句子中的主詞視同單數

1. Twenty years is a long time.
2. A million dollars is a lot of money.
3. Many a boy is in the playground now. = Many boys are in the playground now.
4. More than one person is in the hall.
5. News (politics/ economics/ mathematics/ linguistics) doesn’t interest me at all.

複數的主詞：下列句子中的主詞視同複數

1. The police have arrested the suspect.
2. Poultry are raised everywhere in the countryside.
3. The crew are working hard to row the boat.
4. People nowadays spend a lot of money on electric appliances.

用單數動詞表達整體，用複數動詞表達全部個體的集合的字：
class / family / audience / committee

例句：
His family is a big family. His family are all teachers.
A large audience was in the auditorium last night. All the audience were moved.

The + Adj. (表達抽象意義) 視為單數主詞
The + Adj. (表達全部屬性的人) 視為複數主詞

例句：
The good is an important part of human nature. 善良是人性中重要的一部分。
The rich are not always happy. 富有的人不會永遠快樂。

下列表達由B決定動詞為單數或複數動詞，因為最靠近動詞。

1. A or B + 動詞…
2. Either A or B + 動詞…
3. Neither A nor B + 動詞…
4. Not only A but (also) B + 動詞…

例句：
Her older sister or parents have a successful business.
Either May’s parents or her sister has a successful business.
Neither the twin brothers nor their father was seen at the park yesterday.

下列表達由A決定動詞為單數或複數動詞，因為介系詞片語在句中位置可改變。

1. A with B + 動詞…
2. A as well as B + 動詞…
3. A no less than B + 動詞…

例句：
The father dog with its four baby dogs comes into the village for food every day.
(說明：主詞the father dog是第三人稱單數，因此動詞come加上s。)

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

1. Wh-問句：在英文稱為information question，意思是獲取資訊的問句。

按照想知道的資訊決定Wh- 字，接著產生一個助動詞，這個助動詞通常是do或does，也有可能是表達過去的did或其他情緒助動詞。形成Wh-問句要將Wh-字擺在句首，注意看下面三個句子中do及what所擺放的位置。

1.                They like English. 他們喜歡英文。
2.           Do they like English? 他們喜歡英文嗎?
3. What do they like? 他們喜歡什麼?

1. 所有Wh- 字的含意:

1. 更多例句
2. What does Tom need? Tom需要什麼？
3. What city do you go to? 你要去哪個城市？
4. Which car is yours? 你的車是哪一台？
5. Who calls you every evening? 誰每天傍晚打電話給你？
6. What time is it in Tokyo, Japan? 日本東京現在是幾點？
7. When does the movie start? 電影何時開始？
8. Where is the nearest gas station? 最近的加油站在哪裡？
9. Why are you crying? 你為什麼在哭呢？
10. How do I get to the park? 我要如何才能到那個公園？
11. How old are you? 你幾歲？
12. How far is the 7-11? 7-11有多遠？
13. How many apples do you want? 你需要多少顆蘋果？
14. How much is it? 那要多少錢？
15. Why do you go to the store? 你為何去那家商店？
16. Whose bag is this? 這個袋子是誰的？
17. Whose daughter is this little girl? 這小女生是誰的女兒？
18. Whose key is it? 這是誰的鑰匙？
19. How about a cup of coffee? 來一杯咖啡如何？

學習單字

1. invasion侵略
2. military軍事的
3. aggressive好戰的
4. amass聚集
5. diplomatic外交
6. sanction經濟制裁
7. overwhelming全面的
8. indiscriminate無差別的
9. prompt造成
10. collapse瓦解
11. justify合理化
12. solemn神聖
13. pledge承諾

The Root Cause of the Ukraine War
俄羅斯與烏克蘭戰爭的根源

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is the biggest military mobilization in Europe since World War II.
俄國對烏克蘭的侵略是第二次世界大戰之後歐洲最大的軍事的動員，
It seems that an aggressive Russian leader amassed troops and invaded its neighbor.
看起來似乎是一個好戰的國家領導人聚集軍隊，然後侵略鄰國。
Then several rounds of diplomatic talks between Russia and Ukraine have failed to stop the war, so some countries led by the US stood together to impose sanctions on Russia over the invasion.
接著就是俄羅斯跟烏克蘭之間進行幾輪失敗的外交談判，美國為主導的西方國家開始站在一起，對俄羅斯的侵略行為實施經濟制裁。
Taiwan is one of those countries.
台灣也加入這個制裁的行列。

However, Russia didn’t stop there.
然而俄羅斯並沒有因此而停止，
It has been increasingly intensifying attacks, flattening cities with overwhelming and indiscriminate firepower.
反而不斷的加強攻擊，對城市進行全面的無差別的砲火襲擊。
The war has claimed thousands of lives.
這場戰爭已經造成了數千人死亡，
It has also prompted more than two million people to flee Ukraine in less than two weeks, spurring refugee crisis.
戰火造成超過2百萬人兩周內逃離烏克蘭，造成難民危機。

While most people focus on the invasion, fatalities, and refugees, few focus on the cause.
相對於大多數人將焦點放在侵略、死傷、及難民，很少人去注意到這場戰爭的起因。

After the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s, NATO expanded eastward, eventually taking in most of the European nations that had once been in the Soviet Union.
在1990年代初期蘇聯瓦解後，北大西洋公約組織往東擴展，最終將歐洲大多數原屬於蘇聯的國家的納入北約。
For example, the Baltic republics of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia joined NATO in 2004.
例如，波羅的海的立陶宛、拉脫維亞、愛沙尼亞共和國都在2004年加入了北約。
As a result, NATO moved hundreds of miles closer to Moscow, directly bordering Russia.
結果就是北大西洋公約組織擴張到距離莫斯科只剩下700英里，已經直接跟俄國交接了。
And in 2008, NATO stated that it planned to enroll Ukraine.
而2008年北約公開宣稱要將烏克蘭納入北約。

Russia claims that the West broke a promise it made in the 1990s not to expand NATO and is using this claim to justify its invading Ukraine.
俄羅斯宣稱西方國家沒有遵守1990年代的承諾：北約不向東擴展，俄羅斯也因此將侵略烏克蘭合理化。
In a speech at the Munich Security Conference in 2007, Putin accused Western powers of violating a solemn pledge by enlarging NATO. 
2007年普丁在慕尼黑安全會議的一場演說中說：西方各國違反了不擴張北約的這項神聖承諾。

However, NATO has not stopped expanding since the fall of the Soviet Union, growing from 17 countries in 1990 to 30 today, several of which were once part of the Soviet-led Warsaw pact.
然而蘇聯解體之後，北約從未停止繼續向東擴張，從1990年代的17個成員國，擴張到今天的30個成員國，這些北約成員國中好幾個是屬於過去蘇聯時代的華沙公約成員國，
As a result, Russia claims that it is protecting itself.
因此俄國宣稱目前只是在進行自我保護。

Ukraine is indeed suffering between two superpowers that are pushing against each other.
烏克蘭的確在兩大強權互相較勁的夾縫中遭受極大苦難，
Hopefully, Taiwan doesn’t have to in a similar situation.
希望台灣不需要處於相同的困境。

加入超凡遠距進行全文輸入輸出訓練，立即提升國際語競爭力。

1. What is the difference between gossip and regular conversation? Explain your answer with examples.
   八卦和一般談話有什麼區別？請用例子解釋你的答案。
2. Why do some people enjoy gossiping? Do you think gossip is harmful? Why or why not?
   為什麼有些人喜歡八卦？你認為八卦有害嗎？為什麼？
3. “No one gossips about other people’s secret virtues.” What does this saying mean? Do you think it’s true?
   「沒有人會八卦別人的隱藏美德。」這句話是什麼意思？你認為這是真的嗎？
4. “Gossip is the spice of office life.” What does this saying mean? Do you agree or disagree? Why?
   「八卦是辦公室生活的調味劑。」這句話是什麼意思？你同意還是不同意？為什麼？
5. Is conversation an important part of our lives? Explain with examples from your daily life or relationships.
   談話是我們生活中重要的一部分嗎？請用你日常生活或人際關係中的例子解釋。
6. Why do people need to talk with each other in the workplace? Is office conversation necessary or just a distraction?
   為什麼人們需要在工作場所互相交談？辦公室談話是必要的還是只是干擾？
7. Do you talk with your family? What do you usually talk about, and is it important to you?
   你和你的家人談話嗎？你們通常談論什麼，這對你重要嗎？
8. Why are so many people interested in the private lives of celebrities? What makes fame and privacy so interesting?
   為什麼這麼多人對名人的私生活感興趣？是什麼讓名聲和隱私如此有趣？
9. Have you ever been wrongly accused or misunderstood? What happened, and how did you deal with it?
   你曾經被錯誤指控或誤解嗎？發生了什麼事，你如何處理的？
10. Many people think others’ lives are more exciting than their own. Do you agree? Do you ever wish to live like someone else?
    很多人認為別人的生活比自己的更精彩。你同意嗎？你曾經希望像別人一樣生活嗎？
11. “Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people.” Do you agree with this quote? Why or why not?
    「偉大的人討論想法；普通的人討論事件；渺小的人討論人。」你同意這句話嗎？為什麼？
12. “People are quick to believe bad things they hear about good people.” Do you agree? Why do you think this happens?
    「人們很快就相信他們聽到的關於好人的壞事。」你同意嗎？你認為為什麼會發生這種事？

Vocabulary List

1. gossip八卦
2. virtue美德
3. spice香料
4. necessary必須的
5. wronged冤枉
6. average一般的

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
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