作者: 超凡遠距英語口筆譯

1. How would you describe your memory overall—strong, average, or weak? Share one real example that shows why.
   你會如何形容你的記憶力—好、普通、還是不太好？請用一個真實例子說明。
2. What is one of your happiest or best memories, and why does it still matter to you today?
   你最開心／最棒的回憶之一是什麼？為什麼到今天仍然很重要？
3. What is a difficult or painful memory you’ve had, and what did it teach you or change about you?
   你曾經有過哪個很糟／很痛苦的回憶？它教會你什麼，或改變了你什麼？
4. What is one unforgettable childhood memory you have? What happened, and why is it special?
   你最難忘的童年回憶是什麼？發生了什麼？為什麼特別？
5. What is a recent moment you want to remember for a long time? What made it meaningful?
   你最近有哪個瞬間想要記很久？為什麼它很有意義？
6. If you knew you would gradually lose your memory, what feelings would you have—and what would you do first?
   如果你知道自己即將慢慢失去記憶，你會有什麼感覺？你第一件事會做什麼？
7. How do you want people to remember you in the future? What actions can you take now to make that happen?
   你希望未來人們如何記得你？你現在可以做什麼來實現？
8. Do computers and smartphones improve our memory or weaken it? Give reasons and a personal example.
   你覺得電腦／手機讓我們記憶變好還是變差？請用理由和自己的例子說明。
9. What do you often forget (names, vocabulary, formulas, schedules, etc.)? How does it affect your daily life?
   你最常忘記什麼（人名、單字、公式、行程等）？這對生活造成什麼影響？
10. What methods help you remember things better? Share one strategy that really works for you and explain how to use it.
    哪些方法能幫助你記得更牢？請分享一個你覺得有效的方法，並說明怎麼做。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

在較文學性文章中，if開頭的假設語氣中，若將had, were, should, did等助動詞置於句首，可將連接詞If省略，成為倒裝句。請仔細看下面例句：

Be +主詞

1. If it were necessary, I might go with you. 如果需要的話，我可以跟你一起去。
   = Were it necessary, I might go with you.
2. If I were not here, I wouldn’t be happy.
   = Were I not here, I wouldn’t be happy.

Had +主詞

1. If they had listened to their parents, they wouldn’t have done such a terrible thing.
   = Had they listened to their parents, they wouldn’t have done such a terrible thing.
2. Had we not missed the plane, we would have been killed in the crash.
   = If we hadn’t missed the plane, we would have been killed in the crash.

Should/ Could/ Might/ Would +主詞

1. If I should have time, I would call on her.要是我有時間就去看她。
   = Should I have time, I would call on her.
2. If Tom should not come, we should do it by ourselves.
   = Should Tom not come, we should still do it. 萬一Tom沒來，我們仍然要進行。
3. If he could get another chance, he would succeed.
   = Could he get another chance, he would succeed.
4. If I might see Dad again, I would die with happy tears.
   = Might I see Dad again, I would die with happy tears.
5. If she would rent this apartment, it could be 20% off.
   = Would she rent this apartment, it could be 20% off.

非必要不一定要這樣表達想法，但需要知道別人用這樣的句子是要表達甚麼。

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

看完影片後請看更多的倒裝句例句：

強調否定：將否定含意的副詞置於句首，這是最廣泛使用的倒裝句。
變化的關鍵在於助動詞擺在主詞前面，如下方例句中的粗體字。

1. Never have I been more embarrassed!
2. Hardly has someone been so bold like you.
3. Scarcely have they been on time.
4. Seldom do we eat at MacDonald’s.
5. Little did he understand the situation.
6. No sooner had he gone to bed than the earthquake started to shake the house.
7. Not only do I enjoy classical music, but I also play it sometimes.
8. Not until I graduated had I thought about my future.

形容詞 ‘So + adjective … that’ (那麼的…以至於…)也可以用倒裝句型。

1. So noisy was the apartment that I couldn’t sleep.
   = The apartment was so noisy that I couldn’t sleep.
2. So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
   = The test is so difficult that students need three months to prepare.
3. So expensive was the ticket that we couldn’t watch the show. 
   The ticket was so expensive that we couldn’t watch the show.

受詞擺放在句子的最前面強化該受詞的意義

1. Patience you must have, my friend. = You must have patience, my friend.
2. A good choice she made yesterday. = She made a good choice yesterday.
3. An excellent decision Wang has made. = Want has made an excellent decision there.

強調唯一而將only擺放在句首

1. Only then did I understand the problem. 
   = I understood the problem only then.
2. Only by working hard can we probably get real success.
   We can probably get real success only by working hard.

假設語氣用倒裝模式讓語氣比較正式嚴肅一些

1. Had he understood the problem, he wouldn’t have committed those mistakes.
   = If he had understood the problem, he wouldn’t have committed those mistakes.
2. Should you decide to come, please telephone us.
   = If you should decide to come, please telephone us.
3. Were I you, I would never meet him.
   = If I were you, I would never meet him.

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

假設語氣的精準表達只有一個訣竅：要把自己心中想要表達的內容掌控清楚，知道是否定、肯定、事實、不是事實、過去或現在。

假設語氣的句子可以是現在與過去的組合，舉例說明：

事實：我不是一個好學生，所以我昨晚沒有讀書準備考試。
假設：如果我是個好學生，我昨天晚上就會讀書準備考試。

事實：I am not a good student, so I didn’t study for the test last night.
假設：If I were a good student, I would have studied for the test last night.

說明：因為我一直以來都不是一個好學生，所以當我說「如果我是一個好學生」，這是跟現在事實相反；而我昨天晚上並沒有讀書準備考試，所以當我說「我就會讀書準備考試」這是跟過去事實相反。

事實：Mary overslept this morning. She is late. (Mary今天早上睡過頭，她現在才會遲到。)
假設：If Mary hadn’t overslept this morning, she wouldn’t be late. (如果Mary今天早上沒已睡過頭，她現在就不會遲到。)
說明：遲到是現在發生的事，睡過頭是過去發生的。 所以「現在不遲到」的想法是跟現在事實相反，「沒有睡過頭」的想法跟過去事實相反。

用It is time表達該是做某事的時候了。

It is about time (that) we went home. (go home的想法是跟現在事實相反)
= It is about time (that) we should go home. (should表達急迫語氣)
= It is about time for us to go home.

說明：主要的概念還是在於跟現在事實相反，因為當我們說「該是做…的時候了」顯然 並沒有真正去做這一件該做的事情，所以是跟現在事實相反。

各種可能的假設語氣表達：內化體會就能了解。

Without your support, I couldn’t have succeeded.

說明：沒有你的支持，我不可能成功。
會做這個表達，當然當事人已經成功了，所以跟過去事實相反。

But for your support, I couldn’t have done it.

說明：沒有你的支持，我不可能完成。
會做這個表達，顯然當事人已經完成了，所以跟過去事實相反。

But that you helped me, I couldn’t have won the contest.

說明：要不是你幫我，我不可能贏得比賽。
會做這個表達，當然當事人已經贏得比賽，所以跟過去事實相反。

Only that you helped me, I couldn’t have been the champion.

說明：唯有你幫我，否則我不可能成為冠軍。
會做這個表達，當然當事人獲得冠軍了，所以跟過去事實相反。

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

單數的主詞：下列句子中的主詞視同單數

1. Twenty years is a long time.
2. A million dollars is a lot of money.
3. Many a boy is in the playground now. = Many boys are in the playground now.
4. More than one person is in the hall.
5. News (politics/ economics/ mathematics/ linguistics) doesn’t interest me at all.

複數的主詞：下列句子中的主詞視同複數

1. The police have arrested the suspect.
2. Poultry are raised everywhere in the countryside.
3. The crew are working hard to row the boat.
4. People nowadays spend a lot of money on electric appliances.

用單數動詞表達整體，用複數動詞表達全部個體的集合的字：
class / family / audience / committee

例句：
His family is a big family. His family are all teachers.
A large audience was in the auditorium last night. All the audience were moved.

The + Adj. (表達抽象意義) 視為單數主詞
The + Adj. (表達全部屬性的人) 視為複數主詞

例句：
The good is an important part of human nature. 善良是人性中重要的一部分。
The rich are not always happy. 富有的人不會永遠快樂。

下列表達由B決定動詞為單數或複數動詞，因為最靠近動詞。

1. A or B + 動詞…
2. Either A or B + 動詞…
3. Neither A nor B + 動詞…
4. Not only A but (also) B + 動詞…

例句：
Her older sister or parents have a successful business.
Either May’s parents or her sister has a successful business.
Neither the twin brothers nor their father was seen at the park yesterday.

下列表達由A決定動詞為單數或複數動詞，因為介系詞片語在句中位置可改變。

1. A with B + 動詞…
2. A as well as B + 動詞…
3. A no less than B + 動詞…

例句：
The father dog with its four baby dogs comes into the village for food every day.
(說明：主詞the father dog是第三人稱單數，因此動詞come加上s。)

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

1. Wh-問句：在英文稱為information question，意思是獲取資訊的問句。

按照想知道的資訊決定Wh- 字，接著產生一個助動詞，這個助動詞通常是do或does，也有可能是表達過去的did或其他情緒助動詞。形成Wh-問句要將Wh-字擺在句首，注意看下面三個句子中do及what所擺放的位置。

1.                They like English. 他們喜歡英文。
2.           Do they like English? 他們喜歡英文嗎?
3. What do they like? 他們喜歡什麼?

1. 所有Wh- 字的含意:

1. 更多例句
2. What does Tom need? Tom需要什麼？
3. What city do you go to? 你要去哪個城市？
4. Which car is yours? 你的車是哪一台？
5. Who calls you every evening? 誰每天傍晚打電話給你？
6. What time is it in Tokyo, Japan? 日本東京現在是幾點？
7. When does the movie start? 電影何時開始？
8. Where is the nearest gas station? 最近的加油站在哪裡？
9. Why are you crying? 你為什麼在哭呢？
10. How do I get to the park? 我要如何才能到那個公園？
11. How old are you? 你幾歲？
12. How far is the 7-11? 7-11有多遠？
13. How many apples do you want? 你需要多少顆蘋果？
14. How much is it? 那要多少錢？
15. Why do you go to the store? 你為何去那家商店？
16. Whose bag is this? 這個袋子是誰的？
17. Whose daughter is this little girl? 這小女生是誰的女兒？
18. Whose key is it? 這是誰的鑰匙？
19. How about a cup of coffee? 來一杯咖啡如何？

學習單字

1. invasion侵略
2. military軍事的
3. aggressive好戰的
4. amass聚集
5. diplomatic外交
6. sanction經濟制裁
7. overwhelming全面的
8. indiscriminate無差別的
9. prompt造成
10. collapse瓦解
11. justify合理化
12. solemn神聖
13. pledge承諾

The Root Cause of the Ukraine War
俄羅斯與烏克蘭戰爭的根源

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is the biggest military mobilization in Europe since World War II.
俄國對烏克蘭的侵略是第二次世界大戰之後歐洲最大的軍事的動員，
It seems that an aggressive Russian leader amassed troops and invaded its neighbor.
看起來似乎是一個好戰的國家領導人聚集軍隊，然後侵略鄰國。
Then several rounds of diplomatic talks between Russia and Ukraine have failed to stop the war, so some countries led by the US stood together to impose sanctions on Russia over the invasion.
接著就是俄羅斯跟烏克蘭之間進行幾輪失敗的外交談判，美國為主導的西方國家開始站在一起，對俄羅斯的侵略行為實施經濟制裁。
Taiwan is one of those countries.
台灣也加入這個制裁的行列。

However, Russia didn’t stop there.
然而俄羅斯並沒有因此而停止，
It has been increasingly intensifying attacks, flattening cities with overwhelming and indiscriminate firepower.
反而不斷的加強攻擊，對城市進行全面的無差別的砲火襲擊。
The war has claimed thousands of lives.
這場戰爭已經造成了數千人死亡，
It has also prompted more than two million people to flee Ukraine in less than two weeks, spurring refugee crisis.
戰火造成超過2百萬人兩周內逃離烏克蘭，造成難民危機。

While most people focus on the invasion, fatalities, and refugees, few focus on the cause.
相對於大多數人將焦點放在侵略、死傷、及難民，很少人去注意到這場戰爭的起因。

After the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s, NATO expanded eastward, eventually taking in most of the European nations that had once been in the Soviet Union.
在1990年代初期蘇聯瓦解後，北大西洋公約組織往東擴展，最終將歐洲大多數原屬於蘇聯的國家的納入北約。
For example, the Baltic republics of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia joined NATO in 2004.
例如，波羅的海的立陶宛、拉脫維亞、愛沙尼亞共和國都在2004年加入了北約。
As a result, NATO moved hundreds of miles closer to Moscow, directly bordering Russia.
結果就是北大西洋公約組織擴張到距離莫斯科只剩下700英里，已經直接跟俄國交接了。
And in 2008, NATO stated that it planned to enroll Ukraine.
而2008年北約公開宣稱要將烏克蘭納入北約。

Russia claims that the West broke a promise it made in the 1990s not to expand NATO and is using this claim to justify its invading Ukraine.
俄羅斯宣稱西方國家沒有遵守1990年代的承諾：北約不向東擴展，俄羅斯也因此將侵略烏克蘭合理化。
In a speech at the Munich Security Conference in 2007, Putin accused Western powers of violating a solemn pledge by enlarging NATO. 
2007年普丁在慕尼黑安全會議的一場演說中說：西方各國違反了不擴張北約的這項神聖承諾。

However, NATO has not stopped expanding since the fall of the Soviet Union, growing from 17 countries in 1990 to 30 today, several of which were once part of the Soviet-led Warsaw pact.
然而蘇聯解體之後，北約從未停止繼續向東擴張，從1990年代的17個成員國，擴張到今天的30個成員國，這些北約成員國中好幾個是屬於過去蘇聯時代的華沙公約成員國，
As a result, Russia claims that it is protecting itself.
因此俄國宣稱目前只是在進行自我保護。

Ukraine is indeed suffering between two superpowers that are pushing against each other.
烏克蘭的確在兩大強權互相較勁的夾縫中遭受極大苦難，
Hopefully, Taiwan doesn’t have to in a similar situation.
希望台灣不需要處於相同的困境。

加入超凡遠距進行全文輸入輸出訓練，立即提升國際語競爭力。

1. Think about your recent chats with friends or coworkers: how can you tell when a conversation is “just sharing” versus gossip? What’s a real example?
   想想你最近和朋友或同事的聊天：你怎麼分辨「只是分享」和「在八卦」？請舉一個真實例子。
2. Be honest: when you hear a bit of juicy news about someone, what makes it tempting to pass it on—curiosity, bonding, boredom, stress, or something else?
   說實話：當你聽到一點關於別人的「勁爆消息」時，什麼原因會讓你想轉述出去——是好奇、想拉近關係、無聊、壓力，還是別的？
3. Where’s your personal line? What kind of “talk about other people” feels harmless to you, and what kind feels unfair or harmful? Why?
   你的界線在哪裡？哪一種「談論別人」你覺得無傷大雅？哪一種你覺得不公平或有傷害？為什麼？
4. People say “Gossip is the spice of office life.” In your experience, does it make the workplace feel more connected—or more toxic? What’s one situation you’ve seen?
   有人說「八卦是辦公室生活的調味劑。」以你的經驗，它讓職場更有凝聚力，還是更有毒？你看過的一個例子是什麼？
5. In your daily life, what kind of conversation helps you most: small talk, emotional support, problem-solving, or deep ideas? Why?
   在你的日常生活中，哪一種談話最能幫助你：閒聊、情感支持、解決問題、或深入想法？為什麼？
6. At work or in a group, when does chatting become necessary teamwork—and when does it become a distraction? What’s a moment you remember?
   在工作或團體裡，什麼時候聊天是必要的合作，什麼時候又變成干擾？你印象深刻的一次情況是什麼？
7. When you talk with your family (or close people), what topics come up the most—money, health, school/work, feelings, plans—and which ones do you wish you talked about more?
   當你和家人（或親近的人）聊天時，最常出現哪些話題——金錢、健康、學校/工作、感受、計畫？你希望你們能多聊哪些？
8. Why do you think people (maybe even you) are curious about celebrity private lives? What need does it meet—entertainment, comparison, escape, or something else?
   你覺得為什麼人們（甚至可能包括你）會對名人的私生活好奇？這滿足了什麼需求——娛樂、比較、逃避、還是別的？
9. Have you ever been misunderstood or had a rumor/story about you spread in a way that wasn’t true? How did it affect you, and what did you do?
   你曾經被誤解，或是有不實的謠言/故事在你身上流傳嗎？它對你造成什麼影響？你怎麼處理？
10. Many people feel other people’s lives look more exciting (especially online). When have you felt that comparison? What helps you come back to your own life?
    很多人覺得別人的生活看起來比較精彩（尤其在網路上）。你什麼時候有過這種比較感？什麼方法能幫你回到自己的生活節奏？

Vocabulary List

1. gossip八卦
2. virtue美德
3. spice香料
4. necessary必須的
5. wronged冤枉
6. average一般的

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
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