Many a boy is in the playground now. = Many boys are in the playground now.
More than one person is in the hall.
News (politics/ economics/ mathematics/ linguistics) doesn’t interest me at all.
複數的主詞：下列句子中的主詞視同複數
The police have arrested the suspect.
Poultry are raised everywhere in the countryside.
Thecrew are working hard to row the boat.
People nowadays spend a lot of money on electric appliances.
用單數動詞表達整體，用複數動詞表達全部個體的集合的字： class / family / audience / committee
例句： His family is a big family. His family are all teachers. A large audience was in the auditorium last night. All the audience were moved.
The + Adj. (表達抽象意義) 視為單數主詞 The + Adj. (表達全部屬性的人) 視為複數主詞
例句： The good is an important part of human nature. 善良是人性中重要的一部分。 The rich are not always happy. 富有的人不會永遠快樂。
下列表達由B決定動詞為單數或複數動詞，因為最靠近動詞。
A or B + 動詞…
Either A or B + 動詞…
Neither A nor B + 動詞…
Not only A but (also) B + 動詞…
例句： Her older sister or parentshave a successful business. Either May’s parents or hersisterhas a successful business. Neither the twin brothers nor theirfatherwasseen at the park yesterday.
下列表達由A決定動詞為單數或複數動詞，因為介系詞片語在句中位置可改變。
A with B + 動詞…
A as well as B + 動詞…
A no less than B + 動詞…
例句： Thefatherdog with its four baby dogs comes into the village for food every day. (說明：主詞the father dog是第三人稱單數，因此動詞come加上s。)
ESP (English for Specific Purpose) 專業領域課程：適用中級三以上。參閱「財經科技知識第一，英語第二」的連結 目的：提升專業領域的英語聽說讀寫能力。 方法：訓練方法採用上方所有訓練模式，但輸入輸出內容為財經或科技專業領域。雖然這兩類的涵蓋領域仍然相當地廣，但可以幫助學習者擴充這兩大領域的背景知識，並練習以英語分享這些知識，相關內容請。
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is the biggest military mobilization in Europe since World War II. 俄國對烏克蘭的侵略是第二次世界大戰之後歐洲最大的軍事的動員， It seems that an aggressive Russian leader amassed troops and invaded its neighbor. 看起來似乎是一個好戰的國家領導人聚集軍隊，然後侵略鄰國。 Then several rounds of diplomatic talks between Russia and Ukraine have failed to stop the war, so some countries led by the US stood together to impose sanctions on Russia over the invasion. 接著就是俄羅斯跟烏克蘭之間進行幾輪失敗的外交談判，美國為主導的西方國家開始站在一起，對俄羅斯的侵略行為實施經濟制裁。 Taiwan is one of those countries. 台灣也加入這個制裁的行列。
However, Russia didn’t stop there. 然而俄羅斯並沒有因此而停止， It has been increasingly intensifying attacks, flattening cities with overwhelming and indiscriminate firepower. 反而不斷的加強攻擊，對城市進行全面的無差別的砲火襲擊。 The war has claimed thousands of lives. 這場戰爭已經造成了數千人死亡， It has also prompted more than two million people to flee Ukraine in less than two weeks, spurring refugee crisis. 戰火造成超過2百萬人兩周內逃離烏克蘭，造成難民危機。
While most people focus on the invasion, fatalities, and refugees, few focus on the cause. 相對於大多數人將焦點放在侵略、死傷、及難民，很少人去注意到這場戰爭的起因。
After the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s, NATO expanded eastward, eventually taking in most of the European nations that had once been in the Soviet Union. 在1990年代初期蘇聯瓦解後，北大西洋公約組織往東擴展，最終將歐洲大多數原屬於蘇聯的國家的納入北約。 For example, the Baltic republics of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia joined NATO in 2004. 例如，波羅的海的立陶宛、拉脫維亞、愛沙尼亞共和國都在2004年加入了北約。 As a result, NATO moved hundreds of miles closer to Moscow, directly bordering Russia. 結果就是北大西洋公約組織擴張到距離莫斯科只剩下700英里，已經直接跟俄國交接了。 And in 2008, NATO stated that it planned to enroll Ukraine. 而2008年北約公開宣稱要將烏克蘭納入北約。
Russia claims that the West broke a promise it made in the 1990s not to expand NATO and is using this claim to justify its invading Ukraine. 俄羅斯宣稱西方國家沒有遵守1990年代的承諾：北約不向東擴展，俄羅斯也因此將侵略烏克蘭合理化。 In a speech at the Munich Security Conference in 2007, Putin accused Western powers of violating a solemn pledge by enlarging NATO. 2007年普丁在慕尼黑安全會議的一場演說中說：西方各國違反了不擴張北約的這項神聖承諾。
However, NATO has not stopped expanding since the fall of the Soviet Union, growing from 17 countries in 1990 to 30 today, several of which were once part of the Soviet-led Warsaw pact. 然而蘇聯解體之後，北約從未停止繼續向東擴張，從1990年代的17個成員國，擴張到今天的30個成員國，這些北約成員國中好幾個是屬於過去蘇聯時代的華沙公約成員國， As a result, Russia claims that it is protecting itself. 因此俄國宣稱目前只是在進行自我保護。
Ukraine is indeed suffering between two superpowers that are pushing against each other. 烏克蘭的確在兩大強權互相較勁的夾縫中遭受極大苦難， Hopefully, Taiwan doesn’t have to in a similar situation. 希望台灣不需要處於相同的困境。
What is the difference between gossip and regular conversation? Explain your answer with examples. 八卦和一般談話有什麼區別？請用例子解釋你的答案。
Why do some people enjoy gossiping? Do you think gossip is harmful? Why or why not? 為什麼有些人喜歡八卦？你認為八卦有害嗎？為什麼？
“No one gossips about other people’s secret virtues.” What does this saying mean? Do you think it’s true? 「沒有人會八卦別人的隱藏美德。」這句話是什麼意思？你認為這是真的嗎？
“Gossip is the spice of office life.” What does this saying mean? Do you agree or disagree? Why? 「八卦是辦公室生活的調味劑。」這句話是什麼意思？你同意還是不同意？為什麼？
Is conversation an important part of our lives? Explain with examples from your daily life or relationships. 談話是我們生活中重要的一部分嗎？請用你日常生活或人際關係中的例子解釋。
Why do people need to talk with each other in the workplace? Is office conversation necessary or just a distraction? 為什麼人們需要在工作場所互相交談？辦公室談話是必要的還是只是干擾？
Do you talk with your family? What do you usually talk about, and is it important to you? 你和你的家人談話嗎？你們通常談論什麼，這對你重要嗎？
Why are so many people interested in the private lives of celebrities? What makes fame and privacy so interesting? 為什麼這麼多人對名人的私生活感興趣？是什麼讓名聲和隱私如此有趣？
Have you ever been wrongly accused or misunderstood? What happened, and how did you deal with it? 你曾經被錯誤指控或誤解嗎？發生了什麼事，你如何處理的？
Many people think others’ lives are more exciting than their own. Do you agree? Do you ever wish to live like someone else? 很多人認為別人的生活比自己的更精彩。你同意嗎？你曾經希望像別人一樣生活嗎？
“Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people.” Do you agree with this quote? Why or why not? 「偉大的人討論想法；普通的人討論事件；渺小的人討論人。」你同意這句話嗎？為什麼？
“People are quick to believe bad things they hear about good people.” Do you agree? Why do you think this happens? 「人們很快就相信他們聽到的關於好人的壞事。」你同意嗎？你認為為什麼會發生這種事？
Do you feel safe in the city where you live? Why or why not? What makes you feel secure—or unsafe—in your daily environment? 你覺得在你居住的城市安全嗎？為什麼？是什麼讓你在日常生活中感到安全——或不安全？
Are you afraid of becoming a victim of a crime? Why or why not? What kind of crime worries you the most, and why? 你害怕成為犯罪的受害者嗎？為什麼？你最擔心哪種犯罪，為什麼？
Do you know someone who has been a victim of a crime? What happened, and how did it affect them? 你認識有人是犯罪的受害者嗎？發生了什麼事，那件事如何影響他們？
What types of crimes are most common in Taiwan? What do you think are the main causes of these crimes? 在台灣，哪種類型的犯罪最常見？你認為這些犯罪的主要原因是甚麼？
Do you know of any recent crime that happened in Taiwan? What happened, and how did this crime affect you or your community? 你知道最近在台灣發生的任何犯罪事件嗎？發生了什麼事，這起犯罪如何影響你或你的社區？
Do you think fines or prison sentences are effective ways to stop crime? Why or why not? If not, what other methods—such as harsher punishments or better education—might work better? 你認為罰款或監禁是阻止犯罪的有效方法嗎？為什麼？如果不是，還有哪些其他方法, 例如更嚴厲的懲罰或更好的教育, 可能更有效？
What do you think is the root cause of crime? For example, could it be poverty, family problems, peer pressure, or unemployment? Explain with examples. 你認為犯罪的根本原因是甚麼？例如，可能是貧窮、家庭問題、同儕壓力或失業嗎？請舉例說明。
Do you think violence in movies or on TV can make people more likely to commit crimes? Why or why not? If yes, what can society do to reduce this effect? 你認為電影或電視中的暴力會使人們更有可能犯罪嗎？為什麼？如果會，社會可以做些什麼來減少這種影響？
Have you ever committed a crime—even a small one, like littering or jaywalking? Be honest! What happened, and what did you learn from it? 你曾經犯過罪嗎——即使是很小的罪，像是亂丟垃圾或闖紅燈？誠實一點！發生了什麼事，你從中學到了什麼？
Are you worried about internet crimes? Can you give an example, such as online scams or identity theft? 你擔心網路犯罪嗎？你可以舉個例子，例如網路詐騙或身份盜用嗎？
Do you think it is ever acceptable to commit a petty crime? For example, is it okay to break the rules if you’re helping someone or in an emergency? Explain your answer. 你認為在某些情況下，犯輕微的罪是可以接受的嗎？例如，如果你是在幫助別人或處於緊急情況，打破規則是可以的嗎？解釋你的答案。
What is the difference between a habit and an addiction? 習慣跟沉迷有什麼不同？
Do you have any bad habits? How do they affect you and other people? 你有什麼壞習慣？你的壞習慣如何影響你以及身邊的人？
Do you have any good habits? How do they affect you and other people? 你有什麼好習慣呢？你的壞習慣如何影響你以及身邊的人？
Are you addicted to anything now, for example TV show, video game, shopping, gambling, and so on? 你現在有沉迷於任何東西嗎？例如電視節目、電玩、買東西、賭博等等。
Smartphones have become an inevitable part of our life. Are you addicted to your phone? Explain. 智慧型手機已經成為我們生活中不可或缺的一部份。你覺得你沉迷於你的智慧型手機嗎？請解釋。
What is a common bad habit nowadays, for example, biting fingernails, oversleeping, sleeping on the sofa, drinking coke or other drinks, and so on? Why is it bad? 現在我們常見的壞習慣是甚麼？例如咬指甲、睡過頭、睡沙發、喝可樂或其他飲料等等。為什麼那是壞習慣？
What is the worst addiction? Explain with examples. 最糟糕的沉迷是甚麼？請舉例說明。
Which addictions are safer than others, such as coffee, tea, and so on? 哪一種沉迷是比其他種類的沉迷還要安全一些？例如咖啡或茶等等。
Have you ever broken an addiction to something? How did you do it? How hard was it to give up that thing? 你是否曾經戒掉對某種東西的沉迷？你是如何辦到的？要放棄掉那種東西有多困難？
What usually causes people to be addicted to something? 通常是什麼因素會使得人們對某樣東西沉迷？
What is the strangest addiction or habit you have ever heard of? 什麼是你聽過最奇怪的習慣或者沉迷？
What is one of your greatest personal achievements? How does it affect you? 你個人最大的成就之一是什麼？這項成就如何影響你？
What goal do you hope to achieve in the near future? How will you achieve your goals? 在未來你最希望達成的目標是什麼？你要如何達成？
What is one of your biggest failures? What have you learned from it? How does it affect you? 你最大的失敗之一是什麼？你從中學到什麼？這失敗如何影響你？
What are some good ways to face failure? 面對失敗的一些好方法是什麼？
What is mankind’s greatest achievement? Explain. 人類最偉大的成就是什麼？請解釋。
What are some common reasons for failure? 一些常見的失敗的理由是什麼？
What are some common reasons for success? 一些常見的成功理由是什麼？
Have you ever given up something because of failure or difficulty? Do you hope to do it again? Why or why not? 你是否曾經放棄哪一件事情，只因為失敗了或者太困難？你希望能夠再做一次嗎？為什麼？
Are/Were you a successful student? Explain why or why not. 你是個成功的學生嗎？請解釋為什麼。
Why do some people achieve more than others? How different are these people from others? 為什麼有些人會比其他人更有成就？這些人有什麼特別之處？
Among the following, which one is the most common failure? Explain. 下列哪一項是最常見的失敗？請解釋。 (1) Failure in business生意失敗 (2) Failure in love愛情失敗 (3) Failure in exams考試失敗 (4) Failure in friendship友誼失敗 (5) Failure in contest比賽失敗
Do you have any examples of someone who failed many times at something but kept trying and finally succeeded? Explain. 你是否知道任何個人在失敗許多次後，繼續嘗試而終於成功的例子？請說明。
Why should humans protect nature, including animals, trees, and mountains? List at least two reasons. 為什麼人類應該要保護大自然，包括動物、樹木、山脈等等？請列出至少兩個理由。
What activities should people in Taiwan stop doing to better protect nature? Provide specific examples and explain your reasoning. 在台灣，人們應該停止做哪些事情來保護大自然？請舉出具體的例子並說明原因。
What do you think is the biggest challenge to protecting the Earth today, and why? 你認為現今保護地球最大的挑戰是什麼？為什麼？
What actions do you take in your daily life to protect nature? Suggest three simple actions anyone could start doing today. 你在日常生活當中有做哪些事情來保護大自然？請提出三項任何人今天就可以開始做的簡單行動。
In your opinion, what is the best part of Taiwan’s natural environment? Why do you think so? 在你看來，台灣大自然最棒的地方是什麼？為什麼？
If you could protect one animal species from extinction, which would you choose, and why? 如果你能保護一種動物免於滅絕，你會選擇哪一種動物？為什麼？
Some animal lovers consider zoos in cities to be like prisons for animals. Do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint? Explain your opinion. 有些動物愛好者認為都市裡的動物園像是動物的監獄，你同意這個觀點嗎？請說明你的看法。
Do you think the air quality in your city is good? If you were the mayor, what actions would you take to improve the air quality? 你覺得你所居住的城市空氣品質好嗎？如果你是市長，你會採取哪些行動來改善空氣品質？
What harmful things are people currently doing to nature, and how can we solve these problems? Give at least two examples and suggest solutions. 人們對大自然做了哪些傷害？請至少提出兩個例子，並建議解決方法。
Where in Taiwan can we have the best experience with nature? Describe your personal experience visiting this place. 在台灣哪個地方最適合體驗大自然？請描述你曾經到訪該地的個人經驗。
What natural landscapes, animals, or plants do you think are unique to Taiwan? Explain your choice. 你認為台灣有哪些獨特的自然景觀、動物或植物？請解釋你的選擇。
Do you have any pets? What are some advantages and disadvantages of keeping pets at home? 你有養寵物嗎？養寵物的好處有哪些？又有哪些可能的缺點？
Can you name two endangered animals? Why are they endangered, and what specific actions can we take to protect each animal? 你能說出兩種瀕臨絕種的動物嗎？牠們為什麼瀕臨絕種？我們可以分別採取哪些行動來保護牠們？
What would you consider a “natural wonder" in Taiwan? Why does it qualify as a wonder? 你認為台灣哪一項自然景觀可以稱為「奇景」？它為什麼能夠被稱作奇景？
Are you healthy? What do you do so you think you are healthy? List at least 3 reasons. 你健康嗎？是什麼原因讓你認為你健康？列出至少3個理由。
If you don’t think you are healthy, why do you think you are unhealthy? List at least 3 reasons. 如果你不認為自己健康，為什麼呢？列出至少3個理由。
Which one is more important, physical health or mental health? Explain with examples. 下列哪一個比較重要？身體健康還是心理健康？請舉例說明。
What is the difference between physical health and mental health? Are they related to each other? Explain with examples. 身體健康跟心理健康的差異在哪裡？兩者是否相關？請舉例說明。
If you want to be physically healthy, what should you do now? How do you overcome difficulties in order to be healthy? 如果你要保持身體健康，你現在該怎麼做？你如何克服困難？
What makes a person mentally healthy? Explain with examples. 什麼因素使得一個人的心裡會健康？請舉例說明。
What makes a person mentally unhealthy? Explain with examples. 什麼因素使得一個人心裡不健康？舉例說明。
Do you stress out? What is the cause? What is the best way to cope with stress? 你是否緊張不安？原因是什麼？對抗緊張不安的好方法是什麼？
Do you have good life habits or bad life habits? What are they? How will you change? 你是否有良好生活習慣或者不良好生活習慣？是哪些呢？你要如何改變？
Are you allergic to anything, for example, food, some kinds of people, animals, and so on? Explain. 你對任何東西過敏嗎，例如：食物、某種人、動物等等？請舉例說明。
Have you ever stayed in the hospital? What happened? 你是否曾經住院？發生什麼事情呢？
Do you know the home remedy for the following problems? (1) Mosquito bite (2) Colds and Coughs (3) Hiccups (4) Insomnia (5) Burn or cut (6) Bellyache 你是否知道下述項目的家庭偏方： (1)蚊子叮 (2)感冒咳嗽 (3)打嗝 (4)失眠 (5)燙傷或割傷 (6)肚子痛
超凡遠距 