中級2STC4摘要學員作業
中級2STC4摘要英語教練改善建議
中級4CI4學員作業
中級4CI4英語教練改善建議
E4WT6學員作業及教練改善建議
😷冠狀病毒相關單字
Vocabulary Related to Wuhan Coronavirus
- Coronavirus冠狀病毒
- Novel coronavirus新型冠狀病毒
- Confirmed Case確診病患
- Epidemic區域流行的(疾病)
- Pandemic大規模流行的(疾病)
- Emerging disease新興傳染病
- Animal–human interface人畜傳染介面
- Reservoir宿主 (大自然或動物)
- Zoonotic人畜共同傳染病
- Transmission傳播
- Person–to–person Contact人對人傳染
- Droplet飛沫
- Incubation Period潛伏期
- Isolation隔離治療
- Quarantine檢疫隔離(期)
- Contact Tracing接觸者追蹤
- Screening篩檢
- Reproductive Rate or Reproduction Number傳染率
This world is being flooded with unfamiliar words and phrases in coverage of the newly discovered coronavirus. It’s useful to understand relevant medical terms during a time of health crisis.
Coronavirus: This term refers to a category of viruses that can cause fever, breathing difficulties, pneumonia and diarrhea. Some are potentially fatal. Others can cause a certain percentage of common colds. The name comes from the shape of the virus. Coronaviruses originate in animals and are usually not transmissible to humans. But occasionally a coronavirus mutates and can pass from animals to humans and then from human to human.
Novel coronavirus: A coronavirus strain that has not been previously identified. The Wuhan coronavirus, for example, is novel because it is a new respiratory virus that was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
Confirmed Case: A potential case is a person who is likely to have been infected with a specific disease while a confirmed case is a person who has been proven through clinical or laboratory procedures to be infected with the specific disease.
Epidemic: A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a particular geographic area, beyond the number health officials expect. An increase that occurs in a relatively small geographic area or among a small group of people may be called an “outbreak." For example, HIV/AIDS, which affects 1.2 million people in the United States, is an “epidemic." By contrast, two cases of sickness from drinking raw milk in the United States is called an “outbreak."
Pandemic: An epidemic spanning many countries and/or several continents. The difference between an outbreak, an epidemic and a pandemic can be murky and depends on the opinions of scientists and health officials.
Emerging disease: A disease that occurs in the population of a certain geographic region for the first time, or a disease that’s been present at low levels in a region but then rapidly reaches new peaks in the number of cases reported.
Animal-human interface: The points of contact between animals and humans — when people cut down forests and set up dwellings where forest animals are still prevalent, for example. Some types of diseases spread from animals to humans at this interface.
Reservoir: An animal, plant or environment in which a disease can persist for long periods of time. For example, some bats serve as a reservoir for rabies and can spread the disease by biting humans.
Zoonotic: Any disease that spreads from animals to people. The animals can range from tiny ticks to lumbering cattle.
Transmission: How a disease is transferred. This happens in different ways. There’s direct transmission — person-to-person contact and droplet spread. And there’s indirect transmission, for example, consuming contaminated food and water, getting bitten by a disease-carrying mosquito or tick or breathing in a microbe carried by dust.
Person-to-person Contact: How a disease might spread from one person to another. This can happen in many ways – by kissing, touching, having sex, exchanging bodily fluids, sneezing or coughing.
Droplet: The spray produced by sneezing, coughing or even talking. Droplets can spread disease when an infected person coughs or sneezes — and the spray lands on a nearby person’s mouth, nose or eyes. It can also spread when a person touches a body part or a surface with infected droplets, then touches their face.
Incubation Period: the process or period of time in which harmful bacteria or viruses increase in size or number in a person’s or animal’s body but do not yet produce the effects of disease.
Isolation: Separating infected and sick individuals from healthy individuals. Hospitals commonly put sick patients in isolation to prevent the spread of disease.
Quarantine: The separation or restriction of movement of individuals who appear to be healthy but may have been exposed to an infectious disease to see if they become sick.
Contact Tracing: Identifying people who may have come into contact with a person infected with a disease.
Screening: A health check to see whether a person has a disease — often by taking their temperature and then asking questions about symptoms if the temperature is high.
Reproductive Rate: The number of people one victim can infect, known as the reproduction number of a virus or pathogen. SARS, by comparison, was between 2 and 5, and measles, the most contagious disease known to humans, is a whopping 12 to 18.
🪂失敗無損偉大
Losing doesn’t make one less great
Key Words
- expedition (n.)遠征隊
- drag (n.) 拖累
- confine (v.) 限制
- succumb (v.) 屈服；放棄抵抗
- depot (n.) 倉庫；補給站
- terrain (n.) 地形
- jettison (v.) 丟棄
We should be competitive in order to be successful. The goal of being competitive is to be the winner. However, sometimes losing a competition doesn’t make the competitor less great. Today our story is about a man who is well-known and well-respected for his failure.
A century ago, Robert Scott, a British, and 4 other men started off on an expedition. His goal was to be the first to get to the South Pole. Nobody had ever done it. He overcame difficulties and eventually got there. However, a Norwegian flag was waving there. He lost the competition. But losing the competition didn’t make him less great.
The weather on the return journey was exceptionally bad. Food and fuel supplies were low. One man died. Another, who didn’t want to be a drag on the team, crawled out into a blizzard and disappeared into snow. The other three survivors struggled on but then they were confined to their tent by another blizzard that lasted for nine days. They all succumbed to the weather. They were only 11 miles away from their depot.
Robert Scott lost the competition, his life, and the lives of his team. It seemed that he was a loser. It was eight months later when his body was found in the tent, people got to know what he was doing.
Alongside their frozen bodies, the rescue team found 16kg of fossils, a lot of notes for weather, animals, and terrains. They also found rolls of films, and a diary that described what they saw in details, and 7 letters. Obviously, they could and they should have dropped all these to lighten their load. They could and they should have jettisoned all these for a better chance of survival. But they didn’t. They thought these too valuable to give up for their lives.
Scott’s notes and diary left valuable records to scientists and what he did set an example to explorers. As for the 7 letters, in the first letter, he started from “To my widow”. He said goodbye and explained to his wife why he couldn’t be back to her. It became a symbol of true love and brave love. We must learn from what Robert Scott and his team. Losing a competition didn’t make them less great.
🔄回擊中國或危及未來!
Rebuking China or Risking Future Development
Key Words
- rebuke (v.) 斥責
- legislature (n.)立法院
- demographics (n.) 人口統計資料
- democratic (a.)民主的seek to
- seek to (v.) 試圖；設法
- whittle縮減
- diplomatic (a.) 外交的
- loom (v.) 隱約出現
- proxy (n.) 代理人
- suppress (v.) 鎮壓
Tsai Ing-wen has won a landslide victory in a hotly contested election. Tsai’s party, the Democratic Progressive Party, also maintained its majority in Taiwan’s legislature, which means a clear path for Tsai to push through a number of reforms.
This year, demographics played in Tsai’s favor. Young people identify with Taiwan and the democratic values that Tsai promised to protect to a greater degree than her competitor. China has sought to isolate Taiwan, whittling down Taiwan’s diplomatic allies. China has also refused to rule out military force against Taiwan for the sake of reunification.
While China looms in the background of every Taiwanese election, this presidential race turned into a proxy vote on how Taiwan should engage with China since China’s suppressing protests in Hong Kong has cast a shadow over Taiwan’s future.
Analysts forecast more obstacles in cross-Straits relations after the election. In the next four years, Tsai will have to delicately balance growing calls for independence among her supporters and Beijing will continue to squeeze Taiwan internationally.
斜槓創造改變
500億台幣，根據財經報導這個數字是台灣英語教育年產值。儘管有了少子化及機器翻譯兩大現象，台灣英語教育市場持續成長的主因在於(1)2030雙語台灣的國家政策、(2)世界語觀念、及(3)提升未來競爭力。但台灣孩子投入大量時間及金錢學習英語，他們是否獲得它們想要的?
大多數英語學習者期待的順序為(1)考試成績(含段考、檢定考、面試)；(2)口說流利(能簡報演說)；(3)能與母語人士流暢交流。目前市場上的產品呈現兩極化，以滿足其中一項為主要訴求，雖然業者通常在廣告中強調能全方位提升聽說讀寫，但通常不可能，甚至無法達成任何一項的需求。超凡遠距希望能滿足學習者至少前兩項的需求。
市場上英語教學品牌繁多，要進入這高度競爭市場並不容易。然而近幾年來崛起的品牌有兩種：(1)數位產品，強調真人線上聊天；(2)數位產品，整合網路資訊；(3)傳統補習班重新包裝行銷，併購其他同類型的補習班。但沒有系統的聊天使得多數學習者無法有效提升長時間的口說能力，況且各種段考及檢定考仍無法只靠聊天提升成績，整合網路資源的數位產品仍然是被動學習，並未提供主動說寫英語的機會，而沒有札實內容的行銷包裝，最終無法讓學習者受益。
超凡遠距的幾個做法是：(1)以文章為本的紙本訓練，非螢幕訓練，請參考學員訓練成效；(2)以全文輸入輸出訓練極大化英語說寫，並且採用個人化訓練套餐；(3)利用雲端技術，讓學習者繳交說寫訓練作業，雲端英語教練提供改善建議；(3)使用Google Meet讓學員線上練習主題式英語討論；(4)在官網建立文法教學及各項有關考試的學習系統，幫助提升考試能力。我們的確能為英語教育問題提供解決方案！同時也能新創事業！
🤝對教育有熱情夥伴，請攜手創造改變， 建立新創事業！
合作方案一：
(1) 推廣全文輸入輸出訓練課程，從新進學員首次訓練費用獲得30%學習費用回饋。
(2) 追蹤新進學員的學習狀況及回報，從第二期訓練費用獲得10%學習費用回饋。
合作方案二：
(1) 參與合作方案一。
(2) 擔任英語教練提供學員改善建議，分享大約30%~40%訓練費用(依訓練層級難易度微調)。作業方式參考英語教練提供改善建議。
🛫推廣建議
1. 建立個人社群網站，例如臉書、Instgram、部落格，分享英語學習經歷，在藉以推薦超凡全文輸入輸出訓練課程。
2. 加入其他社團，在社團推廣全文輸入輸出訓練。
3. 與其他適當的人組成團隊共同推展，例如有保險或直銷系統網絡專才。
願景🌳超凡要為學習者做甚麼？
1. 將一般補習內容在超凡官網免費提供。
2. 學員能具備全文說寫能力，具備跟世界接軌能力。
3. 豐富官網學習資源，提供文法、單字、模考學習。
4. 每一次的訓練作業都能學員獲取新知。
4. 鼓勵紙本學習，離線作業，保護眼睛。
5. 中高階財經、科技全文輸入輸出訓練。
6. 雲端平台繳交全文說寫作業、英語教練訂正回饋。
7. 提供省時省錢有效的英語訓練。
8. 推廣不同的雙語學習，例如幫助英語使用者學習中文或越南語使用者學習中文或英文。
3-2 特殊子音音標及發音
通常看到子音字母就能夠發出大部分子音，子音音標符號也很容易辨識，只有少數特殊的子音比較複雜 ，例如th [ θ ]、ch [ tʃ ]、sh [ ʃ ]…等，本影片介紹較為特殊的子音音標及其發音。
ch >[tʃ] teacher [ˋtitʃɚ]
g >[dʒ] giraffe [dʒəˋræf]
兩個嘴型一樣，嘴角向左右微微拉長成一字型，非圓形。
sh >[ʃ] polish [ˋpɑlɪʃ]
s >[ʒ] vision [ˋvɪʒən]
兩個嘴型一樣，嘴角向左右微微拉長成一字型，非圓形。
th >[θ] thin [θɪn]
th >[ð] father [ˋfɑðɚ]
舌尖稍微至於兩排牙齒之間，兩下排牙齒輕輕咬住舌尖。
w >[w] white [hwaɪt] 發音類似母音[ʊ]，但嘴型呈圓形。
u >[ju] unit [ˋjunɪt] 通常發母音[ʌ]，發子音[ j ]時像注音符號ㄝ。
n >[n] queen [ˋkwin] 舌頭頂住上排牙齒後方發出鼻音。
ng >[ŋ] king [kɪŋ] 舌頭頂住下排牙齒後方發出鼻音。
ce/ ci/ cy 組合時的c發出[s]的音，否則為[k]。
ge/ gi/ gy 組合時的g發出[dʒ]的音，否則通常為[ɡ]。
為何太平洋島國轉向中國
Why Pacific Island Nations Are Turning To China
Key Words
- administration 政府
- vulnerable 易受傷害的
- confront 對抗
- vow 宣誓
- diplomatic 外交
- renormalize 關係正常化
The Trump administration formally began pulling the United States out of the 2015 Paris Agreement. That is a big concern for some of the world’s most vulnerable countries, including the island nations of the Pacific.
Pacific island nations consider themselves on the front lines of climate change and they had hoped the U.S. to help confront the rising seas around them. Now some of those nations are turning to China for help. Beijing has vowed to stay in the Paris Climate Agreement. The diplomatic restructuring in the region has opened up a new front in the battle for influence between China and the U.S.
The Solomon Islands decided in September to downgrade its ties with Taiwan and renormalize diplomatic relations with Beijing. Taiwan then ended its relationship with the Solomons. Economic reasons were a driver of the Solomons’ decision, but climate change was a key factor in the decision to switch. Climate change is about the present and future.
美國川普政府正式退出撤離 2015年的巴黎氣候協定，對大多數最易受天候傷害的國家而言，包括太平洋的島國，是相當令人憂慮的。
太平洋島國認為自己是在抗氣候變遷衝擊的最前線，原本希望美國政府能夠幫助他們 對抗海平面上升所帶來的災難，現在部分這些國家轉向中國求援，而北京政府已經宣誓要持續待在巴黎協定中，而在整個太平洋地區中國跟美國之間的角力，這樣的外交重組開啟了新的戰線。
所羅門群島在九月的時候決定要終止跟台灣的外交關係，並且將其與北京政權的外交關係正常化，而台灣也決定要中止根所門群島的正式關係。經濟因素也許是所羅門群島做這個決定的主要的推手，但是氣候變遷才是轉向中國的真正因素。氣候變遷可是攸關現在及未來。
職場競爭力國際語訓練👩🔧
職場人士的演說訓練，讓接觸國外潛在客戶的公司內部人員提升專業領語的演說能力，介紹公司產品，提升公司的國際競爭力。
英語是工具，具備善加運用這個工具的能力，就具備較高的職場競爭力。職場人士若是具備在專業領域中能夠跟不懂中文的人溝通互動，例如介紹本身專長、業務推廣、討論工作內容等，當然提升職場競爭能力，企業員工具備這樣的能力，就比較能夠對外開拓市場。
對職場人士而言，能夠用於學習英文的時間有限，因為他們必須花更多時間提升專業技術，因此以實用為主的訓練課程是非常重要的。職場人士都是大學專科以上學歷，通常學過多年英語，呆坐在英語教室內的時間已經不短，但是仍然應用能力有限，主因是缺乏應用英語的訓練。超凡遠距的全文輸入輸出訓練課程讓學習者能夠大量應用英文。課程設計上已能幫助職場人士具備全篇幅的說寫表達能力為主，以能夠進行優質公開演說做為訓練最終目標。
經過「超凡遠距」8周24小時全文輸入輸出訓練之後，學員就具備用一張大綱進行全文演說的能力，用簡單的單字片語就能夠完成公開演說。
為達成上述目標，超凡遠距的在職英語訓練課程不同於一般課程，教學設計不是光以文法、單字、日常會話、練習造句、多益機械訓練等等的方向設計，而是以全文輸入輸出訓練為主軸，也就是聽讀輸入及說寫輸出，將中級輸入輸出訓練的內容設定為職場專業領域的相關內容，再由接受訓練職場人士根據輸入的文章內容，進行全文說寫輸出訓練，中級以下受訓人員則進行通識內容的全文輸入輸出訓練。
這樣的訓練使得職場人士能獲得英語的即戰力，而不是消耗時間及體能卻沒有及時效果的傳統學習模式。畢竟職場競爭就已經令人精疲力盡，往往沒有足夠時間在提升職場專業的同時又要學習英文。
超凡遠距結合教育訓練與英語學習，將職場上的管理、行銷、演說表達與英語學習結合，讓學習者能夠站上演講台進行全文英語輸出，進行介紹本身專長、業務推廣、討論工作內容。
我們孩子的未來在哪裡?
Where will be the place of our children in the future?
Key Words:
- outstrip (程度或成就上)超過
- clock需時；達到一個時間
- intervention 干涉
- autonomous 自動化的
- fabricate捏造，虛構
- exaggerate誇張說法
In one or two decades, AI will outstrip many of the abilities we believe make us different from animals and machines.
In 2016, Google’s self-driving cars clocked 635,868 miles (1,023,330km), and required human intervention 124 times. That is one human intervention about every 5,000 miles (8,047km) of autonomous driving. What makes the figure impressive is, in 2015, it was 4 interventions every 5,000 miles. In order words, autonomous driving had made a 400% improvement.
Today, self-driving cars may not be a norm. It is already a reality technically.
You probably think “how nice!” We can take a nap on our way to office because AI can drive for us. But what about playing chess! A computer has beat the human chess champion a few times. And the computer is now identifying tumor for doctors and cooking recipes for chefs. AI is even helping our kids learn English😣.
I wonder what my daughters will be doing in the future. They will never solve a math question quicker. They will never lift an object heavier. They will never drive better. They are human, so they can never become the best chess player. And language, the best thing I pass down to them through telling them many good stories, is no more their advantage since real-time machine translation has made huge improvement. They are likely to lose every battle against AI, aren’t they?
No way! What exactly makes humans special? We dream, imagine, rethink, and even regret! We pretend, fabricate, exaggerate, and go crazy. That’s right! We are different from AI because we create.
Well, I am less worried about my daughters now! I am more worried about those people who learn English with AI apps. They don’t know they are actually helping AI learn English and the AI machine will take the place of human English users in return.
超凡遠距知識英語 