I think one day human beings will have to travel to a space station looking for a planet they can call home.
I don’t think we can overcome the climate crisis. I am not pessimistic. If you look at so many people on earth elsewhere struggle to survive every single day to put meals on the table or to pay off their housing loan you will agree with me. I am not saying that those people don’t care about the future of the earth. They probably do, but if they have to struggle to survive each single day, how could they do something today to help the earth survive 100 years from today. It’s like the lottery ticket you buy today can only be cashed 100 years from today. Will you buy it?
To fill up the gap between the poor and the rich is the solution to many global problems.
S. + V. + O. + (Prep. + O.) + Adv. (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 介係詞片語 + 副詞) 我們 經常在那動物園裡 看見 象。 We see elephants in the zoooften.
複習詞類 Tim小心地在街上開著他的老爺車。 Tim drives his old car on the street carefully. 名詞 動詞 形容詞+名詞介詞+名詞 副詞 句子結構會出現不定詞或動名詞的地方:主詞 / 受詞 / 介係詞片語。
學習者常犯的錯誤:
像中文一樣的把動詞作為主詞或受詞。 錯誤(1):開車是很危險的,我們討厭開車! Drive (主詞) is dangerous. We hate drive (受詞). 正確(1):Driving is dangerous. We hate driving. 正確(2) To drive is dangerous. We hate to drive. 說明:不定詞與動名詞是用來當作名詞的。動詞「開車」當作名詞,將動詞變成名詞的方式有兩個: (1) 動詞drive >driving / (2) 動詞drive >to drive
介係詞片語裡面的介系詞+名詞的名詞一定要用動名詞V-ing。 We are talking about sports. We are talking about playing sports. We are talking about to play sports. We are talking about play sports.
to有兩個角色 不定詞to+V裡面的to並不是介係詞,但是I go to school every day.這個句子裡面的to是介係詞,所以to+名詞。 I am on my way to a singer. I am on my way to becoming a singer. I am on my way to become a singer.
兩者在使用上有何差異?
動名詞(V-ing)>表達常態或習慣動作的名詞。 我喜歡游泳。I like swimming. 常接V-ing (動名詞)的動詞。 (1) enjoy listening to soft music (2) practice speaking English (3) finish doing my homework (4) quit smoking (5) mind opening the window (6) keep moving ahead
為什麼? 因為這些(動詞+受詞)的含意通常是表達常態動作 更多例子 (1) My mom enjoys working in the garden. (2) Working in the garden is my mother’s hobby. (3) Mary practices speaking English every day. (4) They kept walking in the mountain.
不定詞(to V.)>表達想做的動作的名詞。 我想去游泳。I like to swim. (1) want to relax (2) hope to go home (3) decide to play baseball (4) learn to speak English (5) need to work harder (6) plan to attend medical school (7) promise to help Mary (8) expect o meet Tim (9) can’t wait to take a trip 更多例子 (1) Tom decided to buy a new car. (2) Don’t forget to turn off the light. (3) I plan to take a trip around Taiwan this summer. (4) To take a trip around Taiwan is my dream.
*可用not to + V. 來表達相反意義 (1) I decided not to buy a new car. 我決定不… (2) I plan not to take a trip around Taiwan this summer. 我計劃不… (3) My parents told me not to play computer games often. 我爸媽叫我不…
可接to + V 或V-ing但意義相似的動詞。 like/ love/ hate / begin/ start/ continue/ can’t stand不能忍受 更多例子 (1) It began to rain. = It began raining. (2) I started to study much harder. = I started studying much harder. (3) I can’t stand to go to school on weekends. = I can’t stand going to school on weekends.
可接to + V 或V-ing但意義卻不同的動詞。要訣:體會動詞的含意。 (1) try to V:努力嘗試去…/ try V-ing:試試看… We tried to solve the problem. You can try turning on the fan if you feel hot. (2) stop to V:停下來做…/ stop V-ing:停止做… The police officer stopped to run after the bad guy. The police officer stopped running after the bad guy. (3) forget to V:忘了做…/ forget V-ing:忘記做過… May forgot to do her homework. May forgot talking with the man who she helped. (4) remember to V:記得做…/ remember V-ing:記得做過… I remembered to call my grandmother. I don’t remember seeing him last month.
If I were not here in LA, I wouldn’t believe
this wide gap between the rich and the poor in the US. You know, we tend to
believe that America is a land of opportunity and so on. Maybe it still is but,
what I see and what I hear convinces me that the growing gap between rich and
poor in this country is consigning people to a fate that is probably
inescapable. That is, if you are born poor in America today you are likely to
die poor. If you are born rich, the same.
It is so real that it is only a line across from
rich to poor. The line in LA is the street. The street is so wide that people
on the poor side can hardly get across the line to the other mentally and
financially. I was told by my friends here that poverty is even brutally and
clearly seen in many rural areas. All of these glimpses make me experience
America from the most brutal bottom.