這四個動詞都有「要求、請求、需要」的意義,但內涵及用法並不相同。
- ask最常見,初學者用ask表達「問問題」,例如May I ask a question? 所以ask是為了完成某事而口頭(或書面)提出請求,甚至有「拜託」的意思,例如:
(1) I asked for help. (我請求協助)
(2) I asked my classmates to help me. (我請求我的同學幫我)
(3) Father asked that we stay at home at night. (爸爸要求我們晚上待在家。)
- request通常是有權提出的(正式)請求,當有人對我們說It is my request. 代表那個人對我們提出有道理的要求。例句:
(1) The villagers requested assistance. (那些村民請求幫助)
(2) We requested the local government to return our land. (我們要求政府歸還土地)
(3) They requested that the meeting be held next Friday. (他們要求會議下周五舉辦)
如果將句子改成They asked that the meeting beheld next Friday.意思上有請求或拜託的意思。
- require是指根據法律、規定提出要求,意為「依照規定…」,常用在被動語氣。例句:
(1) Students require more help in the first term. (學生在第一學期需要較多協助)
(2) We had better do things that are required by law. (我們最好已依法完成一切)
(3) The rules require that you bring one guest to the meeting. (按照規定,你要帶一位來賓出席會議)
- demand是「(強烈)要求」的意思,所以常用We have a demanding teacher.來描述要求很多的老師。例句:
(1) I demand my rights. (我要求應有權利)
(2) The police demanded our name and address. (警方要求我們提供姓名住址)。
(3) The library demanded that he return the books he borrowed in a week. (她要求他把從她那裡借走的書還回來。)
這四個動詞的受詞都可用that +名詞子句表達「急迫性語氣」,只是強度不同。
- The students asked that they (should) be allowed to use a calculator. (學生要求被允許用計算機)。句中的should可以省略,但動詞仍是原形be allowed。
- Teachers requested that the government halt the plan. (老師要求政府停止該計畫)
- The manager required that the machines work all night. (廠長要求機器整晚運作)
- The boss demanded that we finish the work in 2 days. (老板要求我們兩天內完成)
無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。
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