voice, sound, noise, audio
對許多英文學習者，這四個字似乎都是聲音的意思，但是在英文的使用上有些明顯的差異。
audio: 技術用詞。錄音或者電子設備所發出的聲音。例如They raise the audio for TV commercials.
few/a few以及little/a little使用上的混淆是台灣學生常見的錯誤，差別不是在於數量的多少，而是含意不同！以下舉例簡單說明。
(1) few/a few用於可數的名詞; little/a little用於不可數的名詞。這一點要先知道。
(2) few跟a few的不同之處不是在於數量，而是在於表達的內涵。
用few是「少得可憐」或「真的很少」的意思。例如：
I am new in this school. I have few friends. I feel lonely.
(我是轉校新生，朋友很少，很孤單。)
但是a few則是「少也沒有關係」或「還有一些」的積極心態。例如：
I am new in this school, but I have made a few new friends. I feel fine.
(我是轉校新生，但已經結交幾個朋友，一切都還好。)
(3) little跟a little不同之處也不是在於數量，而是在於含意。例如：
I have only very little money. I cannot buy anything to eat.
(我只有很少的錢，無法買任何東西吃。)
這裡的little是只有很少的意思，但是可以用a little立即改變心態。例如：
I left my wallet at home, but I still have a little money for lunch.
(我忘了帶錢包，但還有一些錢可以買午餐。)
總結來說，a few跟few都是表達可屬名詞的數量想當少，a little跟little都是表達不可屬名詞的數量想當少，但是多了個a的a few及a little有「還有一些」的含意，而few及little有「少得可憐」的意義。
cost/ spend/ take不需死背也不會弄錯！看完就懂！
結論：掌握單字的基本涵義，用法其實跟基本涵義相關的，不需要死背。學到了還要用到才算學會，超凡遠距全文輸入輸出訓練讓你學到用到。
contain, cover, include怎麼「包含」才對?
學員說這問題困擾他很久了！
The Sahara desert _______ an area of about 3 million square miles. 要用contain, cover, include？因為字典定義都有「包含」。這是光背單字但是沒有從閱讀去體會字義的結果。其實cover就是「蓋…」， contain就是「容納」，include有in-就是「含在其中」，這通常是大家已經知道的基本字義，記得無論怎麼翻譯都是在基本字義的概念下運作，看下面三個句子就懂了。
背會單字不代表學會單字。但只要對單字基本定義掌控好，尤其是動詞及介係詞，就不容易被字典或單字表的定義所綁架。
Look at what this woman did. And you know you cannot give up.
你不該放棄，看看這位女士做了什麼， 那你就知道為什麼！
Key Words
An Indian woman is a World Champion Runner At the Age of 101.
Man Kaur celebrates after competing in the 100-meter sprint in the 100+ age category at the World Masters Games in April. Man Kaur is 101, but her routine could tire most 20-somethings.
Every day she wakes up at 4 a.m., bathes, washes clothes, makes tea, recites prayers until about 7 a.m. And then she goes to the track for an hour of sprinting practice. And she’s not just doing it for fun. A competitive runner, Kaur is a world record holder in her age group for several categories.
Now you may be thinking … is she really 101? Kaur doesn’t have proof of her age but her oldest child does. When her baby’s birth certificate was issued 81 years ago, Kaur was 20, so you do the math.
The centenarian is a role model for women and runners everywhere. Just this November, she was declared the brand ambassador for a nonprofit organization called Pinkathon, which raises awareness of women’s health issues — and encourages running as a way to improve physical fitness.
At the Pinkathon announcement event, Kaur was literally mobbed by gushing women, many of whom started running in their 30s and 40s. To them, Kaur is such a star. At her age, she’s so fit, enthusiastic, alive, independent and a genuine world champion!
She’s Won … How Many Gold Medals?! Since starting her competitive career, Kaur has run in meets in Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and Taiwan. And she’s nailed 17 gold medals for the 100-meter and 200-meter runs as well as javelin and shot put. To improve her speed, Kaur tries to go to the track every day. Three days a week, she does shot put and javelin practice; the rest of the week, she runs on the track. If the weather is inclement, she goes to the gym and lift weights.
Asked the secret of her longevity, mobility and fitness, Man Kaur says she doesn’t know, but she suspects it is crucial to be physically active. Her husband died at 102 and was also physically active.
A: What is your “plan” for this summer vacation? 今年暑假有些什麼「計畫」?
B: I am going to finish several “projects”. 我要完成幾個「計畫」。
這兩個句子中都有「計畫」，當我們讀別人寫的句子，通常不會覺得有甚麼奇怪之處。但是當我們必須自己創造句子，有時候就會為了用字遣詞煩惱，甚至使用錯誤的字。訂正學生筆譯作業時，常發現許多人對於「計畫」是要用project 還是plan弄不清楚。
大家可以想一想為什麼專案管理叫做project management，也常常會用到project plan這樣的片語。可是絕對不會有plan project (跟planned project可是不同的！)。我們就可以歸納出兩者的差別：(1) Plan是想法以及達成這種想法採取的動作，是方向以及如何掌控這個方向的思考。是完成一個project的想法; (2) Project就是指到達一個方向所指的目的地，也就是目標。
Project通常是單一的短期目標，plan是達成一個或多個project的想法及步驟。下列這三個句子也許可以幫助大家進一步思考兩者差異。
The government had the long-term plan to improve the city’s road system for years. The government has started a multi-billion-dollar highway project. The cost of the project has increased since it began.
也許有些情況下兩者可互換，但是有時用錯會很怪，例如將What is your plan for dinner?說成What is your project for dinner?😜
無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。
唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距
“天才發明的倒裝句" 曾經是電視娛樂節目中的台詞，中文也是有倒裝句的，所以英文有倒裝句也不足為奇。"沙發下面就是你的書" 就是倒裝句，但英文的倒裝句應用對中文使用者來說仍是很大的困擾。
用wish表達期望
跟過去事實相反的假設語氣是用以表達「期待過去的事件有所改變」的名詞子句，表達時常用wish作為動詞，用名詞子句做為受詞，正確造句的關鍵在於名詞子句中的動詞變化。
例句1
事實：I didn’t study for the test.
許願：I wish (that) I had studied for the test.
例句2
事實：Jim didn’t finish his work.
許願：Jim wishes he had finished his work.
例句3
事實：I went to the meeting.
許願：I wish I hadn’t gone to the meeting.
例句4
事實：Bobby told her the truth.
許願：I wish Bobby hadn’t told him the truth.
例句5
事實：I couldn’t do it yesterday.
許願：I wish I could have done it yesterday.
用if說明期望實現的結果
若wish表達期望之後，常用if表達結果。表達時通常用would have及could have於結果子句中。
例句1
事實：I didn’t have enough time.
許願：I wish I had had enough time.
結果子句：If I had had enough time, I would have done it.
例句1
事實：The weather wasn’t nice yesterday.
許願：I wish the weather had been nice yesterday.
結果子句：If the weather had been nice yesterday, I would have gone to the park.
唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。
無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。
用wish表達期望
假設語氣是用以表達「期待目前的事實有所改變」的名詞子句，表達時常用wish作為動詞，用名詞子句做為受詞，正確造句的關鍵在於名詞子句中的動詞變化。
例句1
事實：I don’t know how to dance.
許願：I wish (that) I knew how to dance.
例句2
事實：Ron has to work tonight.
許願：Ron wishes he didn’t have to work tonight.
例句3
事實：I can’t speak Chinese.
許願：I wish I could speak Chinese.
例句4
事實：I’m not home in bed.
許願：I wish I were home in bed.
例句5
事實：It is so hot today.
許願：Everybody wishes it weren’t so hot today. (說明：動詞為be動詞時，其wish子句中的動詞一律用were。)
用if說明期望實現的結果
若wish表達期望之後，常用if表達結果。表達時通常用would及could於結果子句中。
例句1
事實：I don’t have enough knowledge.
許願：I wish I had enough knowledge.
結果子句：If I had enough knowledge, I would tell them the truth.
例句2
事實：The weather isn’t nice today.
許願：I wish the weather were nice today.
結果子句：If the weather were nice today, I could go to the park.
唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。
無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。
無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生及(2)提升競爭力的英文老師(3)還有努力成為雙語教室的各科老師(4)以及要提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生。都能找到有效率有效果又經濟的客製化訓練課程！請洽詢問專線。
被動語氣應該可以說是使用最廣泛，卻最容易使用錯誤的句型結構。被動的觀念也會影響到許多其他文法的運用，尤其將動詞被動的觀念運用在分詞形容詞的使用上，非常重要。
I. 英文句子的主動句與被動句。
主動句: I do my homework every day.
主詞 I 表達動詞 do 的動作，此動作反應在受詞 my homework 上。
被動句: My homework is done by me every day.
主詞 my homework 接受被動詞 is done 的動作，此動作由 by 後面的 me 表達。
| 時態 | 主動 | 被動 |
| 現在簡單 | The news surprises me. The news surprises us. | I am surprised by the news. We are surprised by the news. |
| 過去簡單 | The news surprised me. The news surprised us. | I was surprised by the news. We were surprised by the news. |
| 現在完成 | Bob has mailed the letter. Bob has mailed the letters. | The letter has been mailed by Bob. The letters have been mailed by Bob. |
| 過去完成 | Bob had mailed the letter when I called him. | The letter had been mailed by Bob when I called him. |
| 未來 | Bob will mail the letter. Bob is going to mail the letter. | The letter will be mailed by Bob. The letter is going to be mailed by Bob. |
🎯將單字片語文法及想法運用於全文說寫輸出訓練，請參考全文輸入輸出訓練，從大量全文的聽說讀寫訓練建立語感，唯一雲端虛擬教室，專人訂正作業提供改善建議。
大量英語全文說寫遠距訓練：全文輸入輸出訓練
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。
超凡遠距知識英語 