例句1 事實:I didn’t have enough time. 許願:I wish I had had enough time. 結果子句:If I had had enough time, I would have done it.
例句1 事實:The weather wasn’t nice yesterday. 許願:I wish the weather had been nice yesterday. 結果子句:If the weather had been nice yesterday, I would have gone to the park.
假主詞雖然名稱怪異👩🦳,但是應用上很單純。無論是假主詞或假受詞,其實都只是名詞 it 用來代替一整個句子或不定詞片語。
一般的句子用真主詞,例如 I like English. 或 To live is to learn. 這兩個句子沒有假主詞。但是句子 It is good to take a trip on the weekend. 就有假主詞 it。那真正的主詞是甚麼呢?
真主詞通常是(1)To + V 或 (2) that子句)。例如: 1. It is good to take a trip on the weekend. 它是好的去旅遊在周末! (沒人會這樣翻啦!又不是電腦翻譯機!! 重新組織一下!) 2. It is good to take a trip on the weekend. = To take a trip on the weekend is good. 在週末的時候,來一趟旅遊是很棒的!
原來真主詞是:來一趟旅遊to take a trip
為什麼不要說To take a trip on the weekend is good! 這樣就不用麻煩了。還要假主詞做甚麼?英文母語人士已經習慣主詞不要太長,讓主詞後面就是動詞,比較易懂不誤解。所以當是: (1)To + V或 (2) that子句,主詞就比較長,通常就可使用假主詞。
It is good that we take a trip on the weekend. = That we take a trip on the weekend is good.
更多例句: 1. It is important to do exercise often. = To do exercise often is important. 2. It is important that we do exercise often. = That we do exercise often is important.
that有時會被省略。例如 It is good (that) we take a trip on the weekend. 但that子句當真主詞就不省略that,例如 That we take a trip on the weekend is good.
既然有假主詞,有沒有假受詞呢?有的,概念是一樣的,例如下句中的 it: We found it hard to speak as fast as native English speakers. 我們發現很難說英文說得跟母語人士一樣快。
結論:假主詞或假受詞就是 It,有假就有真! 假主詞 It 是用來代替to + V或 that子句。但是要注意It is a good book.的 It 不是假主詞是代名詞😃。
形容詞子句: The girl who is sitting next to me is Maria. 形容詞片語: The girl sitting next to me is Maria.
說明:
形容詞子句的主詞who與所修飾的詞the girl為同一人時,省略who並將動詞分詞化。若形容詞子句的主詞與所修飾的詞不為同一人時,則不能分詞化。例如: 子句The boy (whom) I saw was Tom.無法簡化,唯有關係代名詞做為主詞使用時才能簡化成片語,做為副詞或受詞時都無法簡化成片語。
II. 幾種簡化的模式
1. 省略主詞及be動詞:
(1) The man who is talking to John is from Korea. →The man talking to John is from Korea. (留下現在分詞)
(2) The ideas which are presented(呈現) in that book are good. →The ideas presented in that book are good. (留下過去分詞)
(3) Ann is the woman who is responsible for the mistake. →Ann is the woman responsible for the mistake. (留下形容詞)
(4) The books that are on that shelf are mine. →The books on that shelf are mine. (留下介詞片語)
2. 省略主詞,將一般動詞變成現在分詞:
(1) English is a languagethat consists of 26 letters. →English is a languageconsistingof 26 letters.
(2) Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome. →Anyone wantingto come with us is welcome.