英文文法沒那麼複雜!
英文句型只有一個SVOPA:主詞+動詞+受詞+ (介係詞片語) +副詞。
文法就是將組合成句子的單字,以正確的詞性放入該結構中。關鍵在詞性,這幾乎就是正確文法的關鍵。形成句子的五個元素的跟詞類的關係就是:
結構:主詞+動詞+受詞+ (介係詞片語) +副詞
詞性:名詞+動詞+名詞+ (介係詞+名詞) +副詞
也就是一個句子中會有可能有三個名詞元素。例如:
Tom practices speaking English by himself every day.
正確呈現名詞型的文法有哪些?
1. 人稱代名詞:每個人稱有五個變化,以I為例I/ my/ me/ mine/myself。
中文名稱:主格/所有格/受格/所有格代名詞/反身代名詞)。例如
I like you. You like me. I like my friend and I don’t like yours. My friend likes me. I like myself. I study for myself.
2. 動名詞V-ing:把動詞當作名詞的方式doing。這時的V-ing通常表達習慣做的事。例如
*Being a teacher makes me happy.
*I enjoy teaching people.
3. 不定詞to V:另一個把動作當作名詞的方式 to do。這時的to V通常表達要去做的事。例如
*I want to play basketball. To play basketball is OK with me.
4. 名詞子句 I/ 名詞子句 II:一個句子也可當作名詞,句子裡面的句子稱為子句。
下面例句中的主詞及受詞就是名詞子句,名詞子句也可能是其他when, where, who…或whether開頭的子句。例如
*No one knows where the ship went.
*Where the ship went is a mystery.
*We just talked about how May did it.
4. 假主詞/假受詞: It可以用來代替一個句子,稱為假主詞或假受詞。例如
*It is important that everyone comes to class on time. It為假主詞
It = That everyone comes to class on time
*We find it hard to climb the mountain. It為假受詞
it = to climb the mountain
5. 同位語:名詞子句可以代替一個事實或說法,這個名詞子句稱為同位語。例如
*It is a fact that the Earth moves around the Sun.
fact = the Earth moves around the Sun
*People have the belief that nuclear weapons are immoral.
belief = nuclear weapons are immoral
6. 分詞形容詞:名詞常需要形容詞修飾,除了一般形容詞,分詞形容詞是重要文法觀念,每個動詞有兩個分詞型,現在分詞V-ing及過去分詞V-en,這兩個型可以變成兩個形容詞。例如動詞bore可以變成兩個形容詞。
*The book bores me a lot.。
The book is boring. V-ing 修飾主詞為主動含意。
I am bored. V-en 修飾受詞為被動含意。
理論上每個動詞都可以用這樣的變化變成兩個形容詞,例如
exciting/excited 或 interesting/interested
7. 形容詞子句 (I) / 形容詞子句 (II):用一個句子當作形容詞就是形容詞子句,放在該子句修飾的名詞後方,例如下方兩個例句中,劃底線的部分為形容詞子句。例如
*We thanked the girl who showed us the way to the park.
我們感謝那位跟我們說去公園的路的女孩。
*We are talking about the movie that we went to last night.
我們正在談論那一部我們昨晚去看的電影。
8. 形容詞片語:形容詞子句常簡化成片語,簡化方式分詞化。例如
*We thanked the girl who showed us the way to the park.
= We thanked the girl showing us the way to the park.
*Jean owns a house which has beautiful ocean views.
= Jean owns a house having beautiful ocean views.
以上所有文法項目的解說都是說明概念,細節請觀看單項教學影片。
怎樣才算是學會了文法?能自由自在造句才是真正學會文法。全文輸入輸出訓練能幫學習者達成這個目的,概念就是英語是技術,少量解說大量實作,讓所學應用於實用中,不出門就能成為世界語高手。
