超凡遠距英語口筆譯 全文輸出訓練，文法教學

英文法結構一次全通

🎁學習文法是為了造正確的句子，大量造句才能熟練運用文法，超凡遠距全文輸入輸出訓練讓您大量造句提升寫作及口說能力。

一次了解所有英文文法形成。🎯初級以上學習者可以從04：35的子句看起。

🎯文法是在一貫的概念下形成，所以一次學習有助於理解整體架構，分開學習較無效率及效果。閱讀本文時可點擊有滑鼠符號🖱文法項目深入學習。
文法就是將組成句子的元素，按照詞類正確擺在適當位置。

首先了解形成句子結構的詞類元素：

句子結構：S主詞 + V動詞 + O受詞 + (Prep+O)(介係詞+受詞) + ADV副詞.
詞類元素：N名詞 + V動詞 + N名詞 + (Prep.+N)介係詞+名詞 + ADV副詞.

例如：Tom practices English with Tina every day. 就是有五個元素的句子。

現在我們已經知道句子的結構中有三個位置會出現名詞：主詞/受詞/介系詞片語

以下為如何將想法形成名詞以正確方式擺放在名詞位置的文法項目。

(1)🖱人稱代名詞 I/ me/ mine/ myself 都是名詞，稱為主格/受格/所有格代名詞/反身代名詞。

I like you. You like me. I like my friend. My friend likes me.
I like myself. They like themselves.

(2)🖱動名詞V-ing：doing，把動作當作名詞使用，這時的V-ing通常表達習慣做的事。

Being a teacher makes me happy. I enjoy teaching people.

(3) 🖱不定詞to V: to do，把動作當作名詞要使用。這時的to V通常表達要去做的事。

I want to play basketball. To play basketball is OK with me.

(4) 🖱名詞子句：句子裡面的句子稱為子句，當作名詞用就稱為名詞子句。

I don’t know who the man is.
No one knows where the ship went. Where the ship went is a mystery.

例句中的where the ship went分別是句子的主詞及受詞。名詞子句可以是when, where, who…或whether開頭的名詞。

(5) 🖱假主詞：It可以代替整個名詞呈現的想法，稱為假主詞或假受詞。

It is important that everyone comes to class on time.
假主詞 It = 真主詞 That everyone comes to class on time is important.

We find it hard to climb the mountain.
假受詞 it = 真受詞 to climb the mountain

(6) 🖱同位語：用名詞子句來代替一個事實或說法，同位語也可以是名詞或名詞片語。

It is a fact that the Earth moves around the Sun. 地球繞著太陽轉是一個事實。
也就是fact與子句the Earth moves around the Sun意義相同

(7) 🖱分詞形容詞：名詞往往需要形容詞修飾，形容詞常出現在名詞前方。分詞形容詞概念就是，每個動詞都有兩個分詞型V-ing及V-en，這兩個型可以變成兩個形容詞。。

The book bores me a lot. 動詞bore可以加以運用變成形容詞：boring及bored。

The book is boring. 主動含意形容詞V-ing用以修飾主詞。
I am bored. 被動含意形容詞V-en用以修飾受詞。

(8) 🖱形容詞子句1/🖱形容詞子句2：用句子當作形容詞就是形容詞子句，形容詞子句的位置是在所修飾的名詞後方，一般形容詞的位置是在所修飾的名詞的前方。

We thanked the girl who showed us the way to the park.
我們感謝那位告訴我們去公園的路的女孩。

We are talking about the movie that we went to last night.
我們正在討論我們昨晚去看的電影。

(9)🖱形容詞片語：形容詞子句常簡化成形容詞片語，形容詞子句的簡化或分詞化。

We thanked the girl who showed us the way to the park.
= We thanked the girl showing us the way to the park.

Jean owns a house which has beautiful ocean views.
= Jean owns a house having beautiful ocean views.

句子結構中有一個位置會出現動詞，另外所有子句中也會有動詞。
動詞位置：S + V + O + (Prep. + O) + Adv.

🎁如何將動詞正確的擺放在下列動詞位置？

(1) 🖱時態變化(簡單及進行) / 🖱時態變化 (完成)：形成動詞最重要的文法就是動詞時態變化。。每個動詞有四個形，do/did/doing/done，依表達涵義可能會出現12種變化。以做家事為例：

三個簡單式
…do housework every day (每天做)
…did … (昨天做)
…will do … (明天將會做)

三個進行式
…is doing … (正在做)
…was doing … (當時正在做)
…will be doing … (將會正在做)

三個完成式
…have done … (已經做)
…had done … (那時之前已經做)
…will have done … (將已經做)

三個完成進行式
…have been doing for 1 hour… (已經做一小時)
…had been doing for 1 hour … (那時就已經做一小時)
…will have been doing for 1 hour … (將已經做一小時)

(2) 🖱被動語態 (be + V-en)：當主詞沒有表現動詞的動作即為被動語氣。

被動：Housework was done by me yesterday.
主動：I did housework yesterday.

The temple was built 100 years ago. (被動多用於不知道何者為動作執行者)

(3) 🖱一般情緒助動詞：這類助動詞的含意會因時間表達不同而有微妙轉變。例如：「我應該多運動」及「我那時候應該多運動」，雖然都是「應該」，但含意不同。「我那時候應該多運動」這句話則多了「該做卻沒有做」的情緒。

I should do more exercise. 我該多運動。(用於表達現在及未來)
Amy could be sick. She is running in rain now. Amy可能會生病，她現在在雨中跑步。

(4) 🖱 情緒助動詞表達過去事件：(could/must/should…)+ have + pp。

Amy could have been sick yesterday. She didn’t come to office.
Amy昨天可能是生病了，她沒來上班。

I should have done more exercise last year. (用於表達過去)
我去年該多運動(但是我沒有)。

(5) 🖱假設語氣 (跟現在事實相反)：由於不是發生的事實，所以動詞使用特殊時態來表示跟事實不同。

I wish I were a fish. If I were a fish, I could go anywhere freely.
(事實是I am not a fish. I cannot go anywhere freely.)

I wish I didn’t have a job. If I didn’t have a job, I would feel happy.
(事實是I have a job. I don’t feel happy.)

(6) 🖱假設語氣 (跟過去事實相反)：跟前方假設語氣 (跟現在事實相反)動詞變化不同。

I wish I hadn’t wasted time playing video games.
(事實是I wasted time playing video games.)

If I hadn’t wasted a lot of time, I could have entered NTU.
(事實是I wasted a lot of time. I didn’t enter NTU.)

(7) 🖱倒裝句：否定副詞擺在句首加強語氣，要像否定句一樣使用助動詞。

Never do I study at the library. 像否定句一樣要使用助動詞。
= I never study at the library.

Little does Amy know about sports.
= Amy knows little about sports.

(8) 🖱急迫性語氣：使用ask, insist, suggest, demand…等有急迫要求語氣的動詞時，表達求助的內容的句子中的動詞不必賦予時態。

I insisted that my brother not use my cellphone.

Jane’s father asked that Jane go mountain climbing with a guide.

句子結構中有一個位置會出副詞，另外所有子句中也會有副詞。
副詞位置：S + V + O + (Prep. + O) + Adv.

🎁如何將副詞正確的擺放在副詞位置？

(1) 副詞：副詞修飾動作發生的時間、程度，通常為形容詞+ly，例如easily，但部分例外，例如well、fast…。

May is a careful driver. She drives carefully.

Jane is a fast runner. She runs fast.

(2) 副詞子句：除了修飾動詞的副詞之外，也有連接句子的連接詞，例如because、when、if…

He always does well on exams because he studies very hard. 副詞子句也可以放在句子前方。

(3) 🖱分詞構句：或稱為副詞片語，將副詞子句簡化成副詞片語，其簡化的方式與形容詞片語相同。

Studying hard, Tim finally entered his dream university.
= Because Tim studied hard, he finally entered his dream university.

If invited, I will attend the meeting.
= If I am invited, I will attend the meeting.

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

超凡遠距英語口筆譯 全文輸出訓練，文法教學

48 分詞構句

可看影片或下方文字描述了解分詞構句

I. 將表達時間的副詞子句簡化成副詞片語：簡化方式為省略主詞留下動詞的分詞。

  1. 副詞子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，副詞子句可簡化為副詞片語。
    a. While I was sitting in class, I felt asleep.
    = While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
    b. Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
    = Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
  2. 將時間副詞子句簡化成副詞片語。
    a. Since Maria came to this country, she has made many friends.
    = Since coming to this country, Maria has made many friends.
    b. After Peter (had) finished his homework, he went to bed.
        = After finishing his homework, Peter went to bed.
        = After having finished his homework, Peter went to bed.
  3. More about “While"
    a. While I was walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
        = While walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
        = Walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
  4. About “When"
    a. When I reached the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.
    =     Upon reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.
        = On reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.

II. 將表達因果的副詞子句簡化成副詞片語

  1. Because Sue didn’t need money, she didn’t take the part-time job.
    = Not needing money. Sue didn’t take the part-time job.
  2. Because I have seen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again.
    = Having seen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again.
  3. Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle.
    = (Being) Unable to afford a car, she bout a bicycle.
    *也可以簡化後只留下形容詞。

III. 連接詞and, then連接的表達也常以分詞構句的方式出現。

  1. She got into the room, sat on the ground, and began to cry.
    = She got into the room, sitting on the ground, beginning to cry.
  2. Many people eat at roadside stands, then they watch people passing by.
    = Many people eat at roadside stands, watching people passing by.
  3. Mary entered, and she was followed by Tom.
    = Mary entered, followed by Tom.
    *分詞構句可能留下現在分詞或過去分詞。

IV. 當兩個子句有不同的主詞時，所形成的分詞構句應包含主詞，以免誤解。

  1. As the sun had set, we started for home.
    = The sun having set, we started for home.
  2. Because the dog was running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly.
    = The dog running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly.

*分詞構句讓表達具有動感，讓聽眾或讀者更融入表達的情緒中！

唯一雲端虛擬教室，將想法全文輸入輸出訓練🎯，雲端專人訂正提供改善建議。
影片線上教學平台：Youtube教學頻道
提升國際競爭力 加入超凡遠距 。

無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生; (2)提升競爭力的英文老師; (3)努力成為各科雙語老師; 或(4)提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生或社會人士。請洽客製化訓練課程詢問專線。