20 不定詞與動名詞

🎯成為全文說寫輸出專家，進一步了解全文輸入輸出訓練。

動名詞及不動詞簡介

1. 動名詞(V-ing)＞表達常態或習慣動作的名詞。>我喜歡游泳。I like swimming.
2. 不定詞(to V.)＞表達想做的動作的名詞。>我想去游泳。I like to swim.

複習句子結構中的詞：

1. S. + V. + O. + (Prep. + O.) + Adv.
   (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 介係詞片語 + 副詞)
   我們 經常 在那動物園裡 看見 象。
   We see elephants in the zoo often.
2. 複習詞類
   Tim小心地在街上開著他的老爺車。
   Tim  drives  his old car   on the street  carefully.
   名詞  動詞  形容詞+名詞  介詞+名詞    副詞
   句子結構會出現不定詞或動名詞的地方：主詞 / 受詞 / 介係詞片語。

學習者常犯的錯誤：

1. 像中文一樣的把動詞作為主詞或受詞。
   錯誤(1)：開車是很危險的，我們討厭開車!
   Drive (主詞) is dangerous. We hate drive (受詞).
   正確(1)：Driving is dangerous. We hate driving.
   正確(2) To drive is dangerous. We hate to drive.
   說明：不定詞與動名詞是用來當作名詞的。動詞「開車」當作名詞，將動詞變成名詞的方式有兩個：
   (1) 動詞drive ＞driving / (2) 動詞drive ＞to drive
2. 介係詞片語裡面的介系詞+名詞的名詞一定要用動名詞V-ing。
   We are talking about sports.
   We are talking about playing sports.
   We are talking about to play sports.
   We are talking about play sports.
3. to有兩個角色
   不定詞to+V裡面的to並不是介係詞，但是I go to school every day.這個句子裡面的to是介係詞，所以to+名詞。
   I am on my way to a singer.
   I am on my way to becoming a singer.
   I am on my way to become a singer.

兩者在使用上有何差異?

1. 動名詞(V-ing)＞表達常態或習慣動作的名詞。
   我喜歡游泳。I like swimming.
   常接V-ing (動名詞)的動詞。
   (1) enjoy listening to soft music
   (2) practice speaking English
   (3) finish doing my homework
   (4) quit smoking
   (5) mind opening the window
   (6) keep moving ahead
2. 為什麼? 因為這些(動詞+受詞)的含意通常是表達常態動作
   更多例子
   (1) My mom enjoys working in the garden.
   (2) Working in the garden is my mother’s hobby.
   (3) Mary practices speaking English every day.
   (4) They kept walking in the mountain.
3. 不定詞(to V.)＞表達想做的動作的名詞。
   我想去游泳。I like to swim.
   (1) want to relax
   (2) hope to go home
   (3) decide to play baseball
   (4) learn to speak English
   (5) need to work harder
   (6) plan to attend medical school
   (7) promise to help Mary
   (8) expect o meet Tim
   (9) can’t wait to take a trip
   更多例子
   (1) Tom decided to buy a new car.
   (2) Don’t forget to turn off the light.
   (3) I plan to take a trip around Taiwan this summer.
   (4) To take a trip around Taiwan is my dream.
4. *可用not to + V. 來表達相反意義
   (1) I decided not to buy a new car. 我決定不…
   (2) I plan not to take a trip around Taiwan this summer. 我計劃不…
   (3) My parents told me not to play computer games often. 我爸媽叫我不…
5. 可接to + V 或V-ing但意義相似的動詞。
   like/ love/ hate / begin/ start/ continue/ can’t stand不能忍受
   更多例子
   (1) It began to rain. = It began raining.
   (2) I started to study much harder. = I started studying much harder.
   (3) I can’t stand to go to school on weekends. = I can’t stand going to school on weekends.
6. 可接to + V 或V-ing但意義卻不同的動詞。要訣：體會動詞的含意。
   (1) try to V：努力嘗試去…/ try V-ing：試試看…
   We tried to solve the problem.
   You can try turning on the fan if you feel hot.
   (2) stop to V：停下來做…/ stop V-ing：停止做…
   The police officer stopped to run after the bad guy.
   The police officer stopped running after the bad guy.
   (3) forget to V：忘了做…/ forget V-ing：忘記做過…
   May forgot to do her homework.
   May forgot talking with the man who she helped.
   (4) remember to V：記得做…/ remember V-ing：記得做過…
   I remembered to call my grandmother.
   I don’t remember seeing him last month.

以上就是對於不定詞及動名詞所作的介紹！記得，不定詞跟動名詞就是名詞。動名詞這個名稱還容易明白，就是將動詞變為名詞的方法，但是"不定詞"還真是令人捉摸不定，無論是動名詞Ving或不定詞to Ving，使用上就保持一個觀念就對了，那就是它們不是動詞，而是名詞功能的動作。

超凡遠距全文輸入輸出訓練，效率效果又經濟。無論您是(1)注重口說寫作的國高中生及(2)提升競爭力的英文老師(3)還有努力成為雙語教室的各科老師(4)以及要提升專業英語說寫能力的碩博生。都能找到客製化訓練課程！請洽詢問專線。